BIO UNIT 6

Question 1

3 major functions of the Male reproductive system

Answer 1

1. Production of sperm
2. Deposit of sperm inside the female reproductive tract
3. Produce male sex hormones (testosterone)

Question 2

Process by which organisms maintain internal stability

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

How does homeostasis occur?

Answer 3

By constantly monitoring and responding to change in otherwise unstable environments

Question 4

Where does the production of sperm take place

Answer 4

In the testes (held in a sac called the scrotum)

Question 5

Why does the scrotum keep the testes cool?

Answer 5

Lower temperatures are needed for sperm production

Question 6

How does the body make sperm?

Answer 6

Body cell -> Sex cell -> Sperm

Question 7

Epididymis

Answer 7

Stores sperm

Question 8

What are the 2 things the body can do with a sperm?

Answer 8

1. Sperm is released from epididymis through ejaculation
2. Sperm breaks down and is absorbed back into the body

Question 9

Ejaculation

Answer 9

Sperm is transported from epididymis through the Vas Deferens to the urethra

Question 10

Urethra

Answer 10

Tube that transfers sperm and urine out of the body through the penis

Question 11

Penis

Answer 11

Structure designed for internal fertilization

Question 12

Fluids are added to the urethra along with sperm. Which glands produce these fluids?

Answer 12

1. Prostate
2. Seminal Vesicles

Question 13

Mixture of sperm and fluid

Answer 13

Semen

Question 14

1st function of the female reproductive system

Answer 14

Produce an egg

Question 15

4 Functions of the female reproductive system

Answer 15

1. Produce eggs and release them on a 28 day cycle
2. Provide site for fertilization
3. Provide structure for embryonic development
4. Provide female sex hormones

Question 16

Two female sex hormones

Answer 16

-Estrogen
-Progesterone

Question 17

Where are eggs made?

Answer 17

-The ovaries

Question 18

What are the structures that ovaries use to produce eggs in?

Answer 18

-Follicles

Question 19

When in a woman’s life does the releasing of eggs take place?

Answer 19

-Puberty
-Ends at menopause

Question 20

How are eggs released?

Answer 20

-OVULATION!!!
-The release of a mature egg from the follicle

Question 21

When does ovulation take place?

Answer 21

-On day 14 of the menstrual cycle because of increased estrogen

Question 22

Corpus Luteum

Answer 22

-Ruptured follicle
Produces progesterone

Question 23

After ovulation

Answer 23

-Eggs enter oviducts
-Fertilization occurs in oviducts

Question 24

If egg is not fertilized, it is released from the body in a process called…

Answer 24

Menstruation

Question 25

Menstruation

Answer 25

The release of the uterine lining and unfertilized egg

Question 26

After fertilization (or with none) the egg then enters the...

Answer 26

Uterus

Question 27

Uterus

Answer 27

A thick walled structure that provides an environment for the developing embryo

Question 28

What builds up the wall of the uterus?

Answer 28

PROGESTERONE -Builds it up to prepare to accept the egg

Question 29

Cervix

Answer 29

-Separates the vagina from the Uterus

Question 30

Sexual Intercourse

Answer 30

-Female reproductive tract is designed to accept the males penis

Question 31

Vagina

Answer 31

Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside

Question 32

Swimming path for the sperm

Answer 32

1. Vagina 2. Cervix 3. Uterus 4. Oviduct

Question 33

Fertilization

Answer 33

Egg = half the genetic information + Sperm = Half of the genetic information = Fertilization (46 chromosomes) (Diploid)

Question 34

Fertilized egg

Answer 34

Zygote

Question 35

Cleavage

Answer 35

The several mitotic divisions that the fertilized egg undergoes while traveling through the oviduct

Question 36

After a few days of traveling through the oviduct, the egg is a ball of cells called...

Answer 36

Blastocyst

Question 37

Within a week the egg implants itself in the thickened, spongey uterine wall called:

Answer 37

Implantation

Question 38

Gestation

Answer 38

-9 months of offspring growth

Question 39

Weeks 0-8: A developing human that is called...

Answer 39

An embryo

Question 40

Weeks 9-36: The developing human is called...

Answer 40

A fetus

Question 41

Placenta

Answer 41

-Materials like Oxygen/nutrients exchanged between mother and baby through the placenta -Embryo connected to the placenta by umbilical cord

Question 42

1st Trimester:

Answer 42

-4 weeks the heart is beating -Zygote develops into a fetus at 8 weeks -Limbs develop by week 8

Question 43

Environmental factors that are risks to pregnancy

Answer 43

-Inadequate diet -Alcohol/drugs -Toxins (such as caffeine) -Infections

Question 44

Ultrasound

Answer 44

-Using ultrasonic waves to take pictures

Question 45

Amniocentesis

Answer 45

A long needle used to remove amniotic fluid during month 4

Question 46

Karyotopes

Answer 46

A photograph/diagram of homologous chromosomes -Detects abnormalities

Question 47

2nd trimester (months 4-6)

Answer 47

-Fetus grows rapidly -Mothers abdomen enlarges -Baby begins to move -Sex organs become present

Question 48

3rd trimester

Answer 48

-Continual rapid fetal growth -Digestive system begins to function -Kidneys begin to produce urine -Brain begins to undergo sleeping and waking

Question 49

Birth

Answer 49

Muscular contractions controlled by the hormone oxytocin that will force the baby out of the uterus

Question 50

Labor

Answer 50

-Uterus contracts rhythmically 2. Amniotic sac breaks 3. Cervix dilates to 10 cm

Question 51

Delivery

Answer 51

4. Using abdominal muscles baby is forced out of the vagina head first

Question 52

What happens after birth?

Answer 52

-Placenta is delivered out of the body -Mammary glands start producing milk