Bio Unit 3

Question 1

Probionts

Answer 1

-amino acids and organic compounds could combine into abiotic structures
-Could maintain internal chemical environments and metabolism

Question 2

What happened 3.8 mya on earth?

Answer 2

-Organic compounds are formed
-BASIS OF ALL LIFE!!!!!!

Question 3

When did life on earth originate?

Answer 3

-Between 3.5 and 4 billion years ago

Question 4

What is the theory that life comes from life?

Answer 4

Biogenesis

Question 5

Biogenesis: Redi experiments

Answer 5

• italian physician Franisco Redi experimented with flies

Question 6

Biogenesis: Spallanzani Experiment

Answer 6

• 1770 italian priest and biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani experimented with boiled broth

Question 7

Biogenesis: Pasteurs experiment

Answer 7

• 1862 french chemist louis pasteur experiment with the curved flask

Question 8

First cells were called…

Answer 8

Prokaryotes

Question 9

Characteristics of a prokaryote

Answer 9

-Small and simple
-Unicellular
-No structures to contain DNA
-No nucleus
-No membrane bound structures
-Common shapes (spheres, rods, spirals, etc.

Question 10

Prokaryotes represent 2/3 domains of life, What are they?

Answer 10

-Bacteria
-Archaea

Question 11

Difference between Bacteria and archaea

Answer 11

BACTERIA: peptidoglycan in cell walls
ARCHAEA: NO peptidoglycan and can live in extreme environments like heat, salt, etc.

Question 12

Structure of a prokaryote: Cell wall

Answer 12

Protects the cell and maintains shape

Question 13

Structure of a prokaryote: Cell membrane

Answer 13

Regulates what goes in and out

Question 14

Structure of a prokaryote: cytoplasm

Answer 14

Fluid for chemical reactions to occur

Question 15

Structure of a prokaryote: genetic material

Answer 15

-Usually a circle of DNA

Question 16

Structure of a prokaryote: locomotive structure

Answer 16

-movement

Question 17

Structure of a prokaryote: ribosome

Answer 17

-makes proteins

Question 18

Glycolysis

Answer 18

-Converting food into energy

Question 19

Converting food into energy without oxygen is called…

Answer 19

Anaerobic respiration

Question 20

Prokaryotes started as Heterotrophs which means…

Answer 20

-they could not make their own food
-They ate chemoheterotrophs (inorganic compounds like sulfur)
-They used glycolysis (converting food into energy)

Question 21

What happens during cellular respiration

Answer 21

1. Glucose + Water = ATP (glycolysis in cytoplasm)
   + wastes like water and carbon dioxide

Question 22

What is the energy created by anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 22

-ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate)
-Cellular energy
-Major energy-storing molecule of the cell

Question 23

Anaerobic respiration wastes

Answer 23

-Lactic acid: muscle fatigue and pain
-Fermentation: alcohol formation or CO2

Question 24

Prokaryotic reproduction

Answer 24

-BINARY FISSION

-asexual reproduction
-Replication of free floating DNA
-forms 2 identical cells
-VERY FAST!!!!!!! can double every 20 min

Question 25

Are all bacteria and prokaryotes bad?

Answer 25

NO -more are beneficial than harmful -Prokaryotes are essential for the well being of organisms

Question 26

How can bacteria be harmful?

Answer 26

-Overpopulate water systems reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water -Spoil food by releasing enzymes in the food causing it to rot -Cause human diseases like tuberculosis. tetanus, pneumonia and strep

Question 27

How do humans use prokaryotes

Answer 27

-Need bacteria to make vinegar, yogurt, cheese, pickles, etc -Use bacteria to recompose sewage -Break down petroleum compounds on beaches after oil spills -Scientists use them in biotech

Question 28

What did cyanobacteria evolve into 2.7 billion years ago?

Answer 28

-Autotrophic bacteria

Question 29

What are autotrophs?

Answer 29

-Organisms that make their own food

Question 30

The process in which organisms make their own food

Answer 30

PHOTOSYNTHESIS -converting sunlight energy + carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen + water

Question 31

6CO₂ + 12H₂O > C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + 6O₂

Answer 31

Photosynthesis equation

Question 32

What is needed for Photosynthesis Reaction to occur?

Answer 32

-Sunlight -Enzymes -Photosynthetic pigments

Question 33

Structure for aerobic respiration

Answer 33

MITOCHONDRIA -powerhouse of the cell

Question 34

2.7 billion years ago, Iron is saturated with oxygen so...

Answer 34

Oxygen accumulates -organisms that use oxygen can evolve

Question 35

Using OXYGEN to gain energy

Answer 35

AEROBIC RESPIRATION -allows for tons of ATP to be made

Question 36

How do we know that oxygen was accumulating but it was all taken up by rocks?

Answer 36

Iron Rust Layer

Question 37

What are cyanobacteria?

Answer 37

Plantlike prokaryotes that produce their own food and release oxygen as a by product

Question 38

Phycobilins

Answer 38

- pigment inside the cytoplasm that absorbs light energy

Question 39

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 39

-Consumes oxygen while making carbon dioxide gas and gaining more energy

Question 40

What are the descendants of aerobic bacteria?

Answer 40

MITOCHONDRIA -over time prokaryotes developed one

Question 41

Does anaerobic or aerobic make more ATP?

Answer 41

anaerobic- 2 ATP aerobic- 32 ATP

Question 42

Who does photosynthesis?

Answer 42

CYANOBACTERIA