BIO004 - Module 4

Question 1

The Layers of Our Environment

Answer 1

-Biosphere
-Biomes
-Ecosystem
-Communities
-Population
-Individual

Question 2

The thin outer layer of the earth that is
capable of supporting life

Answer 2

Biosphere

Question 3

A major biotic unit bearing a
characteristic array of plant life (Flora)
and corresponding animal life (Fauna)

Answer 3

Biomes

Question 4

Consists of all populations of different
species (a community) together with
their physical environment

Answer 4

Ecosystem

Question 5

Different Biosphere

Answer 5

-Atmosphere
-Hydrosphere
-Lithosphere

Question 6

The gaseous component of the biosphere

Answer 6

Atmosphere

Question 7

The rocky material of the earth’s outer crust

Answer 7

Lithosphere

Question 8

The ultimate source of all mineral elements
needed by living organisms

Answer 8

Lithosphere

Question 9

The water on or near the earth’s surface

Answer 9

Hydrosphere

Question 10

determined by its climate, the temperature and amount of rainfall of the region, and the amount of solar radiation it receives

Answer 10

Biomes

Question 11

6 Major Types of Land Biomes

Answer 11

-Temperate Forest
-Tropical Forest
-Grasslands
-Taiga
-Tundra
-Desert

Question 12

Also known as Deciduous forest biome

Answer 12

Temperate Forests

Question 13

Flora and fauna adapt to withstand freezing winters and exploit short summers

Answer 13

Temperate Forests

Question 14

Has the 4 seasons; Animal communities must adapt to respond to rapid seasonal
changes

Answer 14

Temperate Forests

Question 15

Located mainly in the equatorial belt

Answer 15

Tropical Forest

Question 16

Has high rainfall, high humidity and high temperature

Answer 16

Tropical Forest

Question 17

Many may have green, dull colors to allow them to camouflage in trees and vegetation,
but many birds are also brightly colored as it is hard to see them as they fly by

Answer 17

Tropical Forest

Question 18

Also the most seriously threatened ecosystem

Answer 18

Tropical Forest

Question 19

Vast expanse of grass, with few trees and bushes

Answer 19

Grasslands

Question 20

Conditions are dry with occasional rainfall; wildfires are common

Answer 20

Grasslands

Question 21

Known for large herds of herbivores

Answer 21

Grasslands

Question 22

Animals can grow large sizes or be speedy due to wide open space

Answer 22

Grasslands

Question 23

Prey animals develop patterns like spots and stripes that tricks the eyes of predators and allow them to blend in taller grasses

Answer 23

Grasslands

Question 24

The most modified ecosystem and can be converted largely to agriculture and grazing

Answer 24

Grasslands

Question 25

Also known as coniferous forest or boreal forest

Answer 25

Taiga

Question 26

Has short, wet summers and long, cold winters.

Answer 26

Taiga

Question 27

Gets plenty of snow during the winter and plenty of rainfall during the summer

Answer 27

Taiga

Question 28

Majority of the plants are conifer trees (pine trees)

Answer 28

Taiga

Question 29

Many animals of the ____ biome have to migrate to warmer areas or hibernate during the long, cold winters

Answer 29

Taiga

Question 30

many specialized adaptions including lots of thick fur or feathers and the ability to change colors during different seasons

Answer 30

Taiga

Question 31

characterized by extremely cold temperatures and treeless, frozen landscapes

Answer 31

Tundra

Question 32

Vegetation is limited due inhospitable conditions, but may have a variety of short shrubs, grasses, and perennials peeking through rocks and snows

Answer 32

Tundra

Question 33

uniquely suited to endure the harsh conditions

Answer 33

Tundra

Question 34

Arid regions where rainfall is very low and water evaporation is high

Answer 34

Desert

Question 35

Hot daytime temperatures, but very cold by nightfall

Answer 35

Desert

Question 36

2 Aquatic Biomes

Answer 36

-Inland Waters -Oceanic Waters

Question 37

The fresh water on earth is only 2.5% of the world’s water, which mostly exists frozen in polar ice caps or found underground. Only 0.01% is habitable.

Answer 37

Inland Waters

Question 38

contain much dissolved oxygen because of their turbulence, so their fauna tolerates lower oxygen concentrations

Answer 38

Lotic habitat

Question 39

have even lower concentrations of oxygen, particularly in deeper areas. Animals living on underwater substrates and vegetation include snails, mussels, crustaceans, and a wide variety of insects.

Answer 39

Lentic habitat

Question 40

largest portion of earth’s biosphere (71% of earth’s surface)

Answer 40

Oceanic Water

Question 41

supports photosynthetic activity by phytoplankton

Answer 41

Photic zone

Question 42

the shallow water zone is the locus of the world’s great fisheries

Answer 42

Pelagic zone

Question 43

located in the ocean bed, have the coral reefs as the most ecologically diverse in this community

Answer 43

Benthic zone

Question 44

The energy and materials required to construct and to maintain life, and their incorporation into biological systems

Answer 44

Productivity

Question 45

Levels of Productivity in the Food Chain/Web

Answer 45

-Primary Producers -Consumers -Decomposers

Question 46

organisms that begin productivity by fixing and storing energy from outside the ecosystem

Answer 46

Primary Producers

Question 47

The most important consumers, which are mainly bacteria and fungi

Answer 47

Decomposers

Question 48

They breakdown organic matter and return it to soluble form again to be available to plants

Answer 48

Decomposers

Question 49

6 Community Interactions

Answer 49

-Predation -Parasitism -Commensalism -Mutualism -Competition -Amensalism

Question 50

Survival of the prey is reduced (-), but benefits the predator (+) because the food obtained from prey increases a predators ability to survive and reproduce

Answer 50

Predation

Question 51

as the predators evolve to get better at catching prey, the prey also evolves to get better at escaping predators

Answer 51

Coevolution

Question 52

Parasite benefits by using host as home and source of nutrition, and host is harmed.

Answer 52

Parasitism

Question 53

benefits one species but does not harm nor benefits the other.

Answer 53

Commensalism

Question 54

both species benefit from each other

Answer 54

Mutualism

Question 55

Some mutualistic relationships are not only beneficial but necessary for survival of one or both species.

Answer 55

Mutualism

Question 56

Reduces fitness of both species.

Answer 56

Competition

Question 57

It is very common to have both interspecies and intraspecies competitions for limiting resources

Answer 57

Competition

Question 58

It is considered the most common and important interaction in nature.

Answer 58

Competition

Question 59

One species is harmed, but the other is unaffected.

Answer 59

Amensalism

Question 60

a crucial source of replacement and continuous gene flow among demes within a region

Answer 60

Immigration

Question 61

Each local population is called a

Answer 61

deme

Question 62

Factors that can deplete/eliminate the population

Answer 62

-Intrinsic factors -Abiotic factors -Biotic factors