BIO004 - Module 2

Question 1

Basic unit of life

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Basic units of all living organisms, and composes all tissues and organs, each performing specialized functions in organized partnership

Answer 2

Cell

Question 3

A unicellular organism that does not have a distinct nucleus with a membrane and does not have other specialized organelles

Answer 3

Prokaryote

Question 4

An organism consisting of a cell/s which have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, and also contains membrane-bound organelles

Answer 4

Eukaryote

Question 5

Can be either unicellular (ex. Protozoans) or multicellular (all other life-forms, including man)

Answer 5

Eukaryote

Question 6

Both ____ and ____ contain DNA, use the same genetic code, and synthesize proteins.

Answer 6

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 7

Parts of the animal cell

Answer 7

-Plasma membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
-Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
-Ribosomes
-Golgi complex/apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Mitochondria
-Cilia/Flagella

Question 8

A selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cell

Answer 8

Plasma membrane

Question 9

It is made by a Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 9

Plasma membrane

Question 10

2 layers of phospholipid molecules

Answer 10

-hydrophilic (water-soluble)
-hydrophobic (fat-soluble)

Question 11

A term for all the contents inside a cell other than the nucleus. It contains mostly water.

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

The most prominent organelle which contains of linear chromosomes suspended in a
solution called the nucleoplasm

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

Chromosomal DNA carries the genetic information.

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

specialized parts of certain chromosomes that carry
multiple copies of the DNA information used to synthesized RNA, which will later be
used to synthesized proteins

Answer 14

Nucleolus

Question 15

double-layer membrane enclosing the nucleus and contains
pores to allow molecules to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 15

Nuclear Envelope

Question 16

network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm of the cell, which is continues with
the nuclear envelope

Answer 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

where most protein synthesis occurs in
the cell

Answer 17

Rough ER (RER)

Question 18

synthesizes lipids and phospholipids in
the cell and detoxifies the cell of harmful substances

Answer 18

Smooth ER (SER)

Question 19

Necessary for protein synthesis. Made of 2 small subunits and is numerous across the
cytoplasm and attached on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 19

Ribosomes

Question 20

composed of a stack of membranous vesicles that function in storage, modification,
and packaging of polypeptide and protein products produce by the rough ER

Answer 20

Golgi complex/apparatus

Question 21

Used to be an extension of the nuclear enveloped and used to be part of the
endoplasmic reticulum before detaching.

Answer 21

Golgi complex/apparatus

Question 22

they contain enzymes that are involved in the
breakdown of foreign material,

Answer 22

Lysosomes

Question 23

Break down injured or diseased cells or worn-out cellular components

Answer 23

autophagy

Question 24

If enough of the lysosome membranes rupture, they can kill the cell itself

Answer 24

apoptosis

Question 25

they contain enzymes that catalyse the energy-yielding steps to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 25

Mitochondria

Question 26

the most important energy-transfer molecule of all cells

Answer 26

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 27

motile extensions of the cell surface that sweep materials past the cell

Answer 27

Cilia/Flagella

Question 28

4 types of tissues in an animal body

Answer 28

-Epithelial Tissues -Muscular Tissue -Connective Tissue -Nervous Tissue

Question 29

Made up of layers of tightly packed cells that line the surface of the body, organs, blood vessels, respiratory system, and all body cavities

Answer 29

Epithelial Tissue

Question 30

They are mainly for protection, secretion, and absorption

Answer 30

Epithelial Tissue

Question 31

a sheet of cells (epithelial cells) that covers an external or internal surface

Answer 31

Epithelium

Question 32

Made up of cells containing contractile filaments (muscle fibers) which can lengthen or shorten

Answer 32

Muscular Tissue

Question 33

3 types of muscular tissue

Answer 33

-Smooth Muscle -Skeletal Muscle -Cardiac Muscle

Question 34

Found in the walls of internal organs like stomach and intestine. The contractions are involuntary.

Answer 34

Smooth Muscle

Question 35

Attached to bone and is the most common type. The contractions are voluntary.

Answer 35

Skeletal Muscle

Question 36

Found only in the walls of the heart and is responsible for pumping blood. It has more mitochondria compared to other muscle cells to provide constant energy. The contractions are involuntary.

Answer 36

Cardiac Muscle

Question 37

Made up of relatively few fibrous cells, which are separated by an extracellular matrix. They are responsible in holding other tissues together or provide a framework.

Answer 37

Connective Tissue

Question 38

Made up of nerve cells called neurons that together form the nervous system.

Answer 38

Nervous Tissue

Question 39

Barrier to the outside environment; helps in temperature control and production of vitamin D from sunlight

Answer 39

Integumentary System

Question 40

The framework of the body, for support and locomotion; also protects the internal organs and stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus

Answer 40

Skeletal System

Question 41

For locomotion and heat production; also stores protein

Answer 41

Muscular System

Question 42

Coordinates activities of other organ systems; also includes the sense organs

Answer 42

Nervous System

Question 43

Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues, removes waste products, and deliver immune cells

Answer 43

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

Question 44

Returns tissue fluid to circulatory system and also carries and maintains immune cells.

Answer 44

Lymphatic System

Question 45

for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Answer 45

Respiratory System

Question 46

Processes foods and absorbs nutrients into the body

Answer 46

Digestive System

Question 47

Eliminates wastes and regulates pH and blood volume

Answer 47

Urinary/Excretory System

Question 48

Produces the germ cells (ova and sperm); in females, provides an environment for growth of fetus or production of eggs.

Answer 48

Reproductive System

Question 49

group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and will later contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues (differentiation of cells)

Answer 49

Germ Layer

Question 50

3 Germ Layers

Answer 50

-Ectoderm -Endoderm -Mesoderm

Question 51

the outer layer of cells that will later form the outer components of the body (skin, hair, nervous system)

Answer 51

Ectoderm

Question 52

the innermost layer of cells that will later form the linings of the digestive and respiratory system

Answer 52

Endoderm

Question 53

the middle layer of cells that develop later as a result of the reaction between the ectoderm and endoderm

Answer 53

Mesoderm

Question 54

They later form connective tissues like bones and muscles (including the smooth muscular walls of the digestive tract), the heart and blood vessels, as well as the organs of the reproductive and urinary system.

Answer 54

Mesoderm

Question 55

Those animals with only 2 germ laters (Ectoderm and Endoderm only) are called

Answer 55

Diploblastic

Question 56

Animals with all three germ layers are called

Answer 56

Triploblastic

Question 57

Forms the exoskeleton

Answer 57

Ectoderm

Question 58

Develops into organs

Answer 58

Mesoderm

Question 59

Forms the inner lining of organs

Answer 59

Endoderm