BIO 044 - Module 8

Question 1

Level of complexity: Tissue Level

Answer 1

Phylum CNIDARIA

Question 2

Cells are specialized and organized enough to form tissues, but not
enough to form organs

Answer 2

Tissue level

Question 3

Diploblastic (has 2 germ layers)

Answer 3

Phylum CNIDARIA

Question 4

display dimorphism

Answer 4

Cnidarians

Question 5

2 forms of cnidarians

Answer 5

-Polyp
-Medusa

Question 6

Adapted to a sedentary or sessile life, remaining attached on surfaces

Answer 6

Polyp

Question 7

They have tubular bodies with a mouth facing up and surrounded by tentacles

Answer 7

Polyp

Question 8

Adapted for a floating or free-swimming life

Answer 8

Medusa

Question 9

The mouth faced downward and the body is widened into a flattened bell or umbrella
shape, with the tentacles extending outward from the rim of the umbrella

Answer 9

Medusa

Question 10

Important cells and structures in a cnidarian

Answer 10

-Cnidocytes
-Epitheliomuscular cells
-Nerve net
-Ocelli

Question 11

Stinging cells

Answer 11

Cnidocytes

Question 12

Cells that line the tentacles
and are used to hunt and
grasp prey, as well as for
defense

Answer 12

Cnidocytes

Question 13

Performs muscular contractions and contributes to the
movement of the cnidarian

Answer 13

Epitheliomuscular cells

Question 14

Found around the mouth as circular fibers (causes the mouth
opening to increase or decrease its diameter)

Answer 14

Epitheliomuscular cells

Question 15

Found around the rest of the body as longitudinal fiber
(stretches or contracts the body)

Answer 15

Epitheliomuscular cells

Question 16

Made up of nerve cells that create synaptic connections all over the body, allowing for the
cnidarian to react quickly to stimuli

Answer 16

Nerve net

Question 17

No brain or central nervous system

Answer 17

Nerve net

Question 18

“primitive eye”; a photosensitive sensitive organ that detects only light

Answer 18

Ocelli

Question 19

Only found in a box jellyfishes

Answer 19

Ocelli

Question 20

dioecious (separate males and females), and displays both asexual and sexual reproduction

Answer 20

Cnidarians

Question 21

all ___ forms can reproduce sexually

Answer 21

medusa

Question 22

____ forms are the only ones that
can reproduce asexually

Answer 22

polyp

Question 23

The zygote will grow into a larva called ___ (which is ciliated and free-swimming)

Answer 23

Planula

Question 24

When the planula settles on the sea floor, it will turn into the ___

Answer 24

polyp stage

Question 25

s a type of transverse fission (divides upwards instead of side to side)

Answer 25

strobilation

Question 26

The immature/juvenile medusa are called ___

Answer 26

ephyra

Question 27

Classifications of Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 27

Class HYDROZOA Class SCYPHOZOA Class CUBOZOA Class ANTHOZOA

Question 28

“Hydra” = a water serpent with many head on long necks (due to the appearance of the tentacles)

Answer 28

Class HYDROZOA

Question 29

Can have just polyp forms, just medusa forms, or can have both forms

Answer 29

Class HYDROZOA

Question 30

-If polyp, they are mostly colonial -Mostly marine, some found in freshwater

Answer 30

Class HYDROZOA

Question 31

* Mainly marine, some in freshwater near the artic * Predominantly polyp form, but can form small medusas

Answer 31

Obelia "sea fur"

Question 32

* Solitary freshwate hydrozoan * Has regenerative abilities and do not appear to die of old age (considered immortal) * Can freely move when hunting

Answer 32

Hydra "fresh-water polyp"

Question 33

* Not a true medusa form, but actually a colonial hydrozoan (composed of 3 types of medusa and 4 types of polypoids) * Freely floats on water * Very painful stings

Answer 33

Physalia physalis “Portuguese Man-o-War”

Question 34

“skyphos” = cup * The true jellyfishes * Their bells/umbrellas display scalloping (the edges have many small curves) * Tentacles are numerous * Medusa form when mature, but has a polyp stage

Answer 34

Class SCYPHOZOA

Question 35

* Found in warm coatal waters and mangrove swamos * Reason why upside-down? They have photosynthetic abilitys (so face up to the sun) and is symbiotic with dinoflagellates * Very mild sting

Answer 35

Cassiopeia “Upside-down jelly”

Question 36

* Largest and longest known jellyfish in the world * Bell diameter: 2 meters * Tentacle length: >100ft (longest recorded is longer than blue whale) * Stings causes temporary pain but not fatal

Answer 36

Cyanea capillata “Lion’s mane jelly / Giant jelly”

Question 37

* The most well-studies jellyfish * Found in all waters, even in artic * Has the ability to decrease in size in unsuitable conditions (smaller size requires less energy

Answer 37

Aurelia “Moon jelly”

Question 38

“cubo” = cube, box * The bell/umbrella is cube-shaped and does not have scalloping * The tentacles are long and only found in the 4 corners of the cube * Predominantly medusa form; polyp forms are unknown * Verocious predators and fast swimmers * Have ocelli (they are day hunters and use ocelli to detect light. At night, they sink to the bottom) * Stings can be fatal

Answer 38

Class CUBOZOA

Question 39

* “Anthos” = flower * All polyps with a flower-like appearance * No medusa stage * All marine * Can be solitary or colonial

Answer 39

Class ANTHOZOA

Question 40

3 subclasses of Anthozoa

Answer 40

-Subclass HEXACORALLIA -Subclass OCTOCORALLIA -Subclass CERIANTIPATHARIA

Question 41

▪ Display hexamerous symmetry (“hex” = 6 sides); they always display tubular tentacles around the mouth ▪ Includes sea anemones and hard corals

Answer 41

Subclass HEXACORALLIA

Question 42

▪ Display octomerous symmetry (“octo” = 8 sides); they always display featherlike tentacles around the mouth ▪ Includes the sea fans, sea pens, soft and horny corals

Answer 42

Subclass OCTOCORALLIA

Question 43

▪ Display numerous thin tubular tentacles ▪ Burrows under the sea floor surface and can build tubes made of sand ▪ Includes the tube anemones, and the black and thorny corals

Answer 43

Subclass CERIANTIPATHARIA

Question 44

This cell lines the tentacles and is used to catch prey

Answer 44

Cnidocytes

Question 45

This organelle has a thread with barbs and can deliver toxins to prey

Answer 45

Nematocyst

Question 46

This process occurs when the polyp form starts producing medusas

Answer 46

Strobilation

Question 47

This cnidarian class includes all the jellyfishes with scalloped bells

Answer 47

Scyphozoa

Question 48

This sea anemone belongs to which subclass

Answer 48

Hexacorallia