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ChE Boards Trivia > Biochemical Engineering > Flashcards

Biochemical Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Bond between monosaccharides

A

glycosidic bonds

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2
Q

Primary level of protein structure

A

amino acid sequence

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3
Q

Secondary level of protein sturcture

A

Alpha helix coil or beta sheet

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4
Q

Tertiary protein structure

A

fold of proteins

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5
Q

Quaternary structure of proteins

A

Polypeptide chains

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6
Q

Protein chains that are easily soluble in water, found in enzymes, spherical conformation

A

Globular

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7
Q

Protein chains that are found as parallel polypeptide chains in long sheets, water insoluble, tough, stretchy

A

Fibrous

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8
Q

Types of inhibition

A

Competitive, non-competitive

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9
Q

Inhibition type where the binding site is blocked

A

Competitive

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10
Q

Inhibition type that changes the shape of enzyme

A

non-competitive

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11
Q

Generally-accepted model for enzyme fit

A

Induced fit model

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12
Q

Lengths of proteins

A

> 50 amino acids

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13
Q

Lengths of peptides

A

< 50 amino acids

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14
Q

Bonds that link amino acids together

A

peptide bonds

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15
Q

The only secondary amine out of the 20 amino acids

A

proline

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16
Q

the only achiral amino acid

A

glycine

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17
Q

Natural configuration of amino acids

A

L

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18
Q

pH where the amino acid exists as neutral, zwitterionic form

A

Isoelectric point

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19
Q

Separation of polar compounds based on mobility (charge and molecular mass)

A

electrophoresis

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20
Q

Convention of writing peptide sequences

A

N-terminus to C-terminus

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21
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of peptide bonds

A

Proteases

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22
Q

Organic molecules/metal ions that aid enzymes in reactions

A

coenzymes

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23
Q

When the carbonyl of a monosaccharide is located at the C1 carbon

A

aldose

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24
Q

When the carbonyl of a monosaccharide is located at any carbon except C1

A

ketose

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25
Q

Carbohydrates with the OH group pointing to the right of the Fischer projection

A

D-carbohydrates

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26
Q

The simplest carbohydrate

A

glyceraldehyde

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27
Q

Process of forming an equilibrium mixture of the anomers

A

mutarotation

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28
Q

Carbohydrate with a missing hydroxyl group

A

Deoxy sugar

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29
Q

Carbohydrates with hydroxyl group replaced by amino group

A

amino sugar

30
Q

Long, straight chain saturated/unsat’d acids (C12-C20)

A

Fatty acids

31
Q

tri-esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids

A

triglycerides

32
Q

sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids produced from the hydrolysis of glycerides

A

soaps

33
Q

component of cell membranes with nonpolar tails and polar heads

A

glycerophospholipids

34
Q

esters of long chain fatty acids (C16 - C36) with long chain alcohols

A

waxes

35
Q

Biological process of breaking down molecules

A

catabolism

36
Q

Biological process of building molecules

A

Anabolism

37
Q

Net product of cellular respiration in # of ATP

A

36 or 38

38
Q

Product of glycolysis

A

2 ATP + 2 pyruvates

39
Q

Product of citric acid cycle

A

2 ATP (due to 2 citric acid processed)

40
Q

Product of electron transport chain

A

32-34 ATP per glucose

41
Q

Fermentation product of pyruvate in animals

A

lactate

42
Q

Net product of fermentation

A

2 ATP per glucose

43
Q

Product of fermentation in plants

A

alcohol and CO2

44
Q

Precursor of glucose for gluconeogenesis

A

pyruvates

45
Q

Efficiency of cellular respiration

A

39% (263 kcal/686 kcal)

46
Q

three subunits of nucleotides

A

sugar, heterocyclic base, phosphodiester

47
Q

base sugar of DNA

A

2-deoxyribose

48
Q

base sugar of RNA

A

ribose

49
Q

Composed of only a sugar and base

A

Nucleoside

50
Q

Composed of a sugar, base, and phosphate

A

Nucleotide

51
Q

Chain of sugars and bases attached via phosphodiesters

A

nucleic acids

52
Q

Linkages between nucleotide units of nucleic acids

A

phosphodiesters

53
Q

Describe Chargaff’s Rule

A

A = T, C = G

54
Q

Secondary structure of DNA

A

double helix

55
Q

Tertiary structure of DNA

A

supercoils

56
Q

assembly of DNA coiled around protein cores called histones

A

nucleosomes

57
Q

process of copying DNA

A

replication

58
Q

process of reading and transferring genetic code from the DNA to mRNA

A

transcription

59
Q

process of converting genetic code into a protein

A

translation

60
Q

enzyme that unwinds DNA

A

topoisomerase

61
Q

protein that unwinds the double helix DNA

A

helicase

62
Q

enzyme that replicates DNA to produce a new strand

A

DNA polymerase

63
Q

enzyme that forms the phosphodiester bond between DNA pieces

A

DNA ligase

64
Q

describe the replication in the leading strand

A

proceeds as usual in the 5’ –> 3’ direction of the new strand

65
Q

describe the replication of the lagging strand

A

synthesis of individual 5’ –> 3’ fragments are done and fused together using DNA ligase

66
Q

strand that is copied during transcription

A

antisense strand

67
Q

large assembly of protein and rRNA that catalyze protein and peptide biosynthesis

A

ribosomes

68
Q

method of amplifying DNA using polymerase, dNTPs, and temperature cycling

A

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

69
Q

unhealthy types of fats

A

saturated and trans fats

70
Q

purine bases

A

A/G

71
Q

Pyrimidine bases

A

C/U/T

72
Q

stop codon

A

AUG

ChE Boards Trivia (14 decks)

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