Day 1 Flashcards
1
Q
New water quality guidelines and effluent standards
A
DAO-2016-08
2
Q
Old Water Quality Guidelines
A
DAO 34
3
Q
General Effluent Standards
A
DAO 35
4
Q
salinity of freshwater
A
< 500 ppm
5
Q
salinity of marine waters
A
< 30 ppt
6
Q
chemicals that cause fishy smell
A
amines
7
Q
chemicals that cause decayed fish
A
diamines
8
Q
chemicals that cause rotten egg smell
A
hydrogen sulfide
9
Q
chemicals that cause skunk smell
A
mercaptans
10
Q
chemicals that smell rotten cabbage
A
organic skatoles
11
Q
chemicals that smell like fecal matter
A
skatole
12
Q
instrument that measures odor of water
A
olfactometer
13
Q
measurement of turbidity
A
JTU - Jackson Turbidity Unit
14
Q
equivalent of JTU
A
1 mg/L silica in water
15
Q
turbidity of clear lake
A
25 JTU
16
Q
turbidity of muddy water
A
100 JTU
17
Q
instrument that measures turbidity
A
Secchi Disk
18
Q
conditions for BOD
A
5 days, 20 C, pH 7
19
Q
graph that shows the amount of DO in water
A
DO Sag Curve
20
Q
What causes Itai-Itai disease
A
Cadmium
21
Q
What causes Minimata disease
A
Mercury
22
Q
Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
A
Basel Convention
23
Q
rate at which temperature changes with altitude
A
lapse rate
24
Q
protocol on the control of greenhouse gases
A
Kyoto Protocol
25
phasing out of CFCs
Montreal Protocol #13
26
follow up to the Kyoto Protocol
Copenhagen Accord
27
meeting where persistent organic pollutants were phased out
Stockholm Convention
28
who coined the term "isomers"
Jans Jacob Berzelius
29
Reacted carbon disulfide (inorganic) to produce acetic acid (organic)
Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe
30
discovered the structure of benzene
August Kekule
31
Octet rule and Lewis structures
Gilbert Lewis
32
postulated that reaction behavior is due to the movement of electrons
Robert Robinson
33
structures focused on the delocalization of electrons, e- are shared across nuclei
Resonance structures
34
electrons are localized in covalent bonds
Lewis structures
35
what does iso- mean
all except one carbon form a continuous chain
36
what does sec- mean
the substituent is attached to a secondary carbon
37
what does tert- mean
attached to a tertiary carbon
38
what does neo mean
all but two carbons form a continuous chain
39
Who produced the Wholer synthesis? using ammonium cyanate to form urea
Friedrich Wohler
40
Who suggested the concept of resonance?
Linus Pauling
41
Constitutional isomers
elements are not bonded similarly
42
Stereoisomers
different orientation
43
enantiomers
mirror images that are not superimposable
44
diastereomers
stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another
45
who discovered the chair conformation of cyclohexane
Odd Hassel
46
what does gauche mean
60 deg dihedral angle
47
what does anti mean
180 degree dihedral angle
48
what does the biggest constituent in cyclohexane prefer
equatorial
49
ALA omega-3 fatty acid
Alpha-Linolenic Acid
50
EPA
Eicosapentanoic acid
51
DHA
Docosahexanoic acid
52
What types of alcohols prefer SN1
secondary/tertiary alcohols
53
What types of alcohols prefer SN2
primary/unsubstituted
54
Describe the inductive effect
(+) carbon draws electrons from the sigma bonds around it
55
Describe hyperconjugation
electron delocalization due to overlap between beta methyl group and carbocation
56
rank the following by priority: alkene, alcohol, halide
alcohol > alkene > alkyl halide
57
describe a vinyl group
double bonded cabon
58
describe an allyl bond
three carbons with one double bond that can move when transformed into a carbocation
59
Z
Zusammen, 'magkaZama'
60
E
Entgegen, 'magkaEba'
61
degree of unsaturation
(2C + 2 + N - H - X)/2
62
arrange the following in priority for determining alkene stability
1. C atoms
2. branching of double bond
3. trans/E
63
determination of where atoms attach
regioselectivity
64
solid catalysts for hydrogenation of alkenes
Pt, Pd, Ni, Rh
65
when does carbocation rearrangement occur
from 2o to 3o carbocation
66
discovered free radical addition of HBr to alkenes
Morris Kharasch
67
free radical addition of HBr to alkenes with peroxides
anti-Markovnikov
68
free radical addition of HBr to alkenes without peroxide
Markovnikov
69
who discovered hydroboration-oxidation reaction?
Herbert Brown
70
describe the product of vicinal dihalide formation
anti-addition, F reaction is too reactive, I is not possible
71
where does the water attach during vicinal halohydrin formation
water attaches to highly substituted carbon
72
catalyst for dehydration of alcohols
H2SO4 and H3PO4 catalyst
73
describe Zaitsev's rule
production of more substituted alkene
74
what do you call the product of ozonolysis
ozomide, - O - R - O - O - R -
75
who discovered the VSEPR theory
Ronald Nyholm
76
who described electron group geometries
Ryutaro Tsuchida
77
suspension placed between plates to obtain a good spectrum
Nujol Mull
78
meso compounds
achiral compounds that have chirality centers. when the halves are equal
79
zero degree polarized light means
there are equal amounts of the two enantiomers
80
optical purity equation
% enantiomer 1 - % enantiomer 2
81
describe the S orientation
high to low in CCw
82
describe the R orientation
high to low in CW
83
can molecules with 2 or more chiral centers be achiral?
true
84
describe a stereogenic center
a center where exchanging two substituent will produce a different atom
85
who invented C-14 dating
Williard Libby
86
redox reaction of bleach
ClO- + 2I- + 2H+ --> Cl- + I2 + H2O
87
Sugar which appear to be negative against Fehling's Test
Non-reducing sugar
88
Reducing sugars
Maltose, Cellobiose, Lactose
89
Nonreducing sugar
Sucrose
90
Most abundant molecules in living cells
proteins
91
Type of bacteria that are considered to be ancient organism such as methanogens, halobacteria and thermoacidophiles
Archaebacteria
92
Bacteria which convert alcoholic solution to vinegar
Acetobacters
93
Biological decomposition of organic matter accompanied by the production of foul smelling products in an anaerobic condition
Putrefaction
94
A waste treatment process by which biologically active growths are continuously circulated with incoming biodegradable waste in the presence of oxygen is
Activated sludge process
95
Temperature at which a microorganism is killed within a period of 10 minutes
thermal death point (TDP)
96
A visible concentrated growth of algae or other aquatic life/plants is called
Bloom
97
Enzyme in the stomach
pepsin
98
Organism produced by sporulation
molds
99
Time to kill all bacterial in a particular culture at a specific temperature
TDT
100
Bacteria that grow over the temp range 30-40 C are called
mesophiles
101
Hydrolysis of sucrose gives
1 glucose and 1 fructose
102
Microorganism utilized in production of pickles
lactic acid bacteria
103
Disaccharide formed by a beta-glycosidic bond
lactose
104
Defined as the quantity of enzymes needed to transform 1.0 micromole of substrate to product per minute at 30 C and optimal pH
International Unit
105
Measure of unsaturation of a fatty acid
Iodine number (the number of grams of iodine absorbed by 100 g of fat)
