BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards
(49 cards)
It is the study of the compounds and chemical changes that are brought about by living processes.
BIOCHEMISTRY
The process by which polar solute is broken down into its individual ionic components by the action of solvent (water).
IONIZATION / DISSOCIATION
Substances which are completely ionized in water solution.
STRONG ELECTROLYTES
Substances whose aqueousbsolution conducts electricity.
ELECTROLYTES
Substances which are incompletely or partially ionized in water solution.
WEAK ELECTROLYTES
Substances which are non-conductors of electricity even in the molten state.
NON-ELECTROLYTES
A reaction which does not go to completion; products can’t form back reactants.
IRREVERSIBLE REACTION
A reaction which goes to completion and products can still react to form back the reactants.
REVERSIBLE REACTION
A state at which teo opposing reactions proceed at the same rate.
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
It is a partial reversible ionization.
WATER EQUILIBRIUM / IONIZATION OF WATER
It is a mixture of a weak electrolyte an its salt; resists an abrupt or drastic change in pH even upon the addition of either a strong acid of strong base.
BUFFER / BUFFER SOLUTION
Process in the central dogma of molecular biology.
DNA 👉🏻 RNA 👉🏻 PROTEIN
- produces all the proteins an organism requires
- Transcription of DNA: RNA copy a small section of a chromosome
- Translation of RNA: protein synthesis
- occurs throughout interphase
- transcription in nucleus
- translation in cytoplasm
GENE EXPRESSION
- duplicates the chromosomes before cell division
- DNA copy of entire chromosome
- occurs during S phase
- replication in nucleus
DNA REPLICATION
It produces DNA copies of an RNA; more commonly associated with the life cycle of retroviruses
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION
Where do nucleic acids are assembled?
NUCLEOTIDES
It consists Five Carbon Sugar (Ribose & Deoxyribose), Nitrogen containing bases and Phosphate.
NUCLEOTIDES
Adenine and Guanine are called??
PURINES
Cytosine, uracil and thymine are called??
PYRIMIDINES
It is formed by covalently linking a base to the number 1 carbon of a sugar.
NUCLEOSIDES
It is formes when one or more phosphate group is attached to the 5’ carbon of a nucleoside.
NUCLEOTIDES
Polymers of nucleotides linked by 3’ , 5’ phosphodiester bonds.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
A) two strands are antiparallel (opposite direction)
B) two strands are complementary. A always pairs with T (two H-bond), and G always pairs with C (three H-bond). Thus, the base sequence on one strand defines the base sequence on the other strand.
DNA STRUCTURE
Because of the specific base pairing, the amount of A equals the amount of T. Thus, total purines equals total pyrimidines.
CHARGAFF’S RULE
