Biochemistry Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

sodium exists in which fluid compartment?

A

ECF

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2
Q

AVP is another word for…

A

ADH

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3
Q

what does aldosterone do?

A

retains Na in an effort to retain water

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4
Q

the Na in a dehydrated urine sample would be low/high

A

low

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5
Q

describe the H20 and Na in SIADH

A
high H20 
low Na (kidneys trying to get rid of sodium because of low water)
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6
Q

what substances can mimic hyponatraemia and cause pseudohyponatraemia?

A

higher proteins and lipoproteins

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7
Q

patient with really low Na who is fine…

A

pseudohyponatraemia

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8
Q

decreased blood volume stimulates the release of what substances

A

aldosterone

ADH

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9
Q

renal excretion of sodium is a key mechanism by which the kidneys regulate blood volume T or F

A

T

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10
Q

what test distinguishes between central and nephrogenic DI?

A

DDAVP

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11
Q

name the mechanism by which ADH regulates water conc

A

countercurrent multiplication

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12
Q

what is DDAVP?

A

exogenous ADH

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13
Q

nephrogenic/central DI will not respond to DDAVP

A

nephrogenic

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14
Q

what is the problem in primary adrenal sufficiency?

A

cant make mineralocorticoids eg aldosterone so low Na

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15
Q

ADH causes inc water absorption/excretion

A

absorption

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16
Q

ADH also acts on what structures other than kidneys?

A

blood clotting
anxiey stress
blood vessel constriction and dilatation

17
Q

how much steroid do you need to regulate the HPA axis per day

18
Q

patients with what condition are less likely to retain Na than other subjects

A

primary adrenal insufficiency eg addisons

19
Q

ACTH only acts on the cortex T or F

20
Q

commonest cause of addisons

21
Q

synacthen test measures…

A

give ACTH and see if cortisol levels increase

22
Q

how can you determine between primary and secondary adrenal sufficiency?

A

measure ACTH levels

23
Q

parathyroid glands stimulate DIRECT Ca absorption where?

24
Q

parathyroid glands stimulate Ca absorption INDIRECTLY where? how does it do this?

A

gut via vitamin D

25
secondary hyperparathyroidism results from pitiitary stimulation of the parathyroid glands T or F
F! pituitary has no control over parathyroid
26
hypercalcaemia interferes with absorption where in the kidney? what happens as a result?
PCT | low Na
27
most common cause of hyperkalaemia
renal failure | then haemolysis then drugs eg spirinolactone
28
what is the main difference appearance-wise of SIADH compared to hyponatraemia
patient won't be dry
29
first line Tx SIADH
fluid restriction
30
diagnostic features of SIADH
"wet" patient | high urine osmolality
31
Ix cushings syndrome
short and long synacthen test
32
Ix cushings disease
dexamethasone suppression test
33
what level is the hallmark of tumour lysis syndrome?
high urate