Physiology of Shock Flashcards
(47 cards)
what is shock?
inadequate organ perfusion leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues and eventually organ failure
where is the problem in shock?
problem with the heart, blood vessels or the flow of blood
name the types of shock
anaphylactic (distributive) cardiogenic septic hypovolaemic neurogenic
what is distributive shock?
umbrella term for: septic anaphylactic neurogenic - sufficient fluid but in the wrong place
what should you give to restore coagulation factors?
calcium
FSP
CO = _ x _
HR x SV
MAP = _ x _
CO x TPR
what is stroke volume?
volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per heartbeat
what is TPR?
resistance offered by the systemic vascular circulation
state the oxygen delivery equation
CO x arterial oxygen content (CaO2)
CO is increased in what type of shock?
septic
how can oxygen delivery to tissues be improved in shock?
give a blood transfusion
describe BP and HR in anaphylactic shock
BP reduced profoundly
tachycardia
main pathological process in anaphylactic shock
mast cell degranulation causes release of inflammatory mediators
what type of shock is the only one to cause bradycardia?
neurogenic
what causes bronchoconstriction in anaphylaxis
leukotrienes
prostaglandins
Tx anaphylactic shock
- adrenaline
- IV fluids
- chloramphenamine
- hydrocortisone
why do you need to give IV fluids in anaphylaxis
capillaries are vasodilated and leaky so you need alot of fluid to perfuse it to where you want to go
describe BP and HR in cardiogenic shock
low BP
tachycardia
CO is increased initially increased and then reduces in what type of shock?
septic
skin is swollen and oedematous in what type of shock?
cardiogenic!
what does the skin look like in neurogenic shock?
vasodilated below lesion
what does skin look like in anaphylactic shock?
urticarial rash
when does BP reduce in hypovolaemia?
maintained by compensation then reduces in a late stage
