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biology 1 pre AP > Biochemistry test 1 > Flashcards

Biochemistry test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is everything made of

A

matter

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2
Q

what is matter made of

A

atoms

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3
Q

what are atoms made of

A

sub atomic particles (proton neutron electron

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4
Q

what does it mean for an atom to be neutral

A

Same amount of proton and electrons

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5
Q

What makes up a hydrogen

A

1 proton

1 electron

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6
Q

what makes up and oxygen

A

8 proton
8 neutron
8 electron

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7
Q

how to determine the number of electrons in a atom (neutral)

A

the same number of protons in the atom

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8
Q

what are the 10 most common elements in living things

A

Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulphur Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium

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9
Q

What is the atomic number

A

number of protons

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10
Q

how to determine number of neutrons

A

Atomic Mass -Atomic #

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11
Q

what is an isotope

A

2 versions same element diffrent number of neutrons

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12
Q

an example of isotopes

A

C12 and C14

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13
Q

an example of how isotopes are used

A

in PET scans

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14
Q

what are valence elctrons

A

electrons on the outer shell ( valence shell) of an atom

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15
Q

why are valence shells important

A

allow bonds to be created and form molecules

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16
Q

what is the magic number for electrons

A

8

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17
Q

3 important facts about covalent bonds

A

stable and strong with multiple atoms holding on
form molecules
share electrons

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18
Q

why is a water molecule polar

A

oxygen has a more electronegativity than hydrogen

making oxygen partial negative and hydrogen partial positive

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19
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

extreme of polar covalent bond

electrons transferred from one atom to another making them charged ions

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20
Q

what are emergent properties

A

compounds with diffrent properties than the elements that make them

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21
Q

what reactions does this represent

sunloights + 6 carbon doixyde + 6 water forms glucose + 6 oxygen gas molecules

A

photosynthesis s

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22
Q

what is something that ionic and covalent bonds have in common

A

they both exchange valence electrons

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23
Q

what is cohesion

A

hydrogen bonding between H2O molecules

water sticks to itself

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24
Q

what is adhesion

A

hydrogen bonding with other substances

sticks to other polar molecules

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25
what is a Good Solvent
polarity makes H2o a good solvent
26
why is water a "universal solvent "
because it dissolve almost anythings (polar)
27
solute+ solvent =
= solution
28
what does lower density as a solid mean
ice floats | hydrogen bonds for a crystal that takes up more space as a solid
29
what makes water diffrent in terms of density
water gets less dense as a solid, where most substances get more dense h20 resists change in temperature
30
what is high specific heat
takes a lot to heat up | takes a lot to cool down
31
what is high heat of vaporisation
how much energy to turn a liquid to gas hydrogen bonds of water require more energy to break
32
what is hydrogen bond
a covalent bond between a proton and an elecron
33
what is the number of bonds one water molecule can form
4
34
what are the four main molecules necessary for life?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
35
element all organic molecules have in common
carbon
36
what is the difference between a monomer and a polymer
monomers are the building | polymers is the big molecules made up of small ones
37
what is the monomer for carbohydrates
sugar sugar x6
38
what is the monomer for proteins
amino acid amino acid x6
39
what is the monomer for nucleic acids
nucleotides nucleotide x4
40
why is dehydration synthesis important
for building cells and bodies growth repair reproduction
41
what is digestion (hydolysis)
taking molecules apart
42
why is digestion inportant
get raw materials | make ATP energy- for synthesis, gowth, everyday functions
43
what is the diffrence between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis joins monomers to make polymers hydrolysis uses h2o to break down polymers
44
what are the functions of a carbohydrate
quick energy energy storage cell wall in plants
45
what is a carbohydrate
energy molecule
46
what is 1 sugar whats is 2 sugar
monosacride dissaccharide
47
2 examples of polysaccharide
starch - potatoes | cellulose- structure in plants
48
what is a polysaccharide
a large carb
49
what is a lipid
concentrated energy
50
what are some examples of lipids
triglyceride glycerol fatty acid cholesterol
51
what are some functions of lipids
cell membrane, cushion organs, insulate body
52
how is the structure of a lipid diffrent than the structure of a carbohydrate
carbohydrate is a chain like structure lipid is not a chain- it's a big fat molecule
53
monomers that make up a lipid molecule
fatty acids glycerol
54
list examples of proteins
muscles, skin, hair, fingernails, pepsin(digestive enzyme), immune system
55
what monomer makes up proteins
amino acids
56
how many diffrent types of amino acids are there
20
57
what detrmines the function each protein will have
the shape
58
what is a protein that denatures
the unfolding of proteins that detroys the shape
59
what causes proteins to denaute
temperature, pH
60
what is a nucleic acid
its an information molecule | that can become DNA RNA
61
diffrence between DNA and RNA
RNA has only one strand DNA has two
62
what is the function of a nucleic acid
``` function as genetic material transfers information, new cells, next gen ```
63
what is the monomer that makes nucleic acids
nucleotides phosphate sugar house Nitrogen base banner thing
64
what is the atomic number
total number of protons
65
what is atomic mass
total number of protons AND neutrons
66
what are the two main types of bonds
ionic and covalent
67
what is an isotope
same element diffrent number of neutrons
68
two main types of bonds diffrences
covalent is sharing | ionic is taking away
69
six most common elements found in living things
CHONPS carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosporus sulfur
70
whats an example of adhesion
water dripping from the car window
71
EXAMPLE OF COHESION
water attaching and re attaching when moving
72
solvent,solute,solution in a mixture of sugar and water
solvent- water solution- sugar water solute- sugar
73
why is water an inorganic compoud
it does not contain carbon
74
group fllowing terms alkaline, acid, HCL, extra H ions, extra OH ions, base, soaps, pH10, pH3
acidic substances are; acid, HCI, H ions, pH3 Basic substances are alkaline, OH ions, pH 10, base, soaps
75
what is the chemical formula for a carbohydrate
CHO
76
what is the chemical formula for lipids
CHO
77
what is the chemical formula for proteins
CHON
78
what is the chemical formula for nucleic acids
CHONP
79
what are starchs, cellulose and glycogen,
they are polysccarides
80
what is glucose
a monosaccaride
81
what are four examples of lipids
tryiglyceride, glycerol, fatty acid, cholestrol
82
what is a ribon nucleic acid
nucleic acid
83
what are the diffrences between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
hydrolysis makes ATP, takes molecules apart and releases energy dehydration synthesis uses ATp, puts molecules together and requires energy
84
what was the independent variable in the corn seed experiment
the driection of the corn seeds
85
what was the dependant variable in the corn seed experiment
the growth direction of the seeds
86
how do you make a hypotheses question
use IF and THEN for yopur statement
87
which biomolecule has a double bond on oxygen
PROTEIN

biology 1 pre AP (10 decks)

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