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Hi Biology > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

Biodiversity is the term popularised by the sociobiologist:

A

Edward Wilson

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2
Q

An active hormone secreted by Rauwolfia Vomitoria is:

A

reserpine

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3
Q

A single species might high diversity at the ______ level over its distributional range

A

genetic

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4
Q

Availability of 1000 varieties of mango varieties show diversity at the _____ level

A

genetic

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5
Q

Western ghats have a greater ____ species diversity than Eastern ghats

A

amphibian

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6
Q

Western ghats have more diversity of amphibians than the Eastern ghats. This is an example of ______ diversity

A

species

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7
Q

Diversity at the ecosystem level is known as:

A

Ecological diversity

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8
Q

IUCN stands for

A

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

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9
Q

According to IUCN, the total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than ______ million

A

1.5

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10
Q

Large proportion of the species waiting to be discovered are in the ______ regions

A

tropical

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11
Q

According to Robert May, the global species diversity is estimated to be ____ million

A

7 million

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12
Q

More than 70% of all the species recorded belongs to kingdom:

A

Animalia

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13
Q

Plant kingdom accounts for ____% of the total living species

A

22

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14
Q

The most species-rich taxonomic group making up mor than 70% of the total species are:

A

insects

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15
Q

Although India has only 2.4 per cent of the world’s land area. It’s share of the global species diversity is an impressive _____ per cent

A

8.1

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16
Q

The most well known pattern of diversity is:

A

Latitudinal gradients

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17
Q

In general, species diversity ______ as we move away from the equator towards the pole

A

decreases

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18
Q

Colombia located near the equator has nearly ______ species of birds

A

1400

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19
Q

Newyork at _____ N has 105 species of birds

A

41

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20
Q

Greenland has approximately ____ species of birds

A

56

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21
Q

India has more than _____ species of birds

A

1200

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22
Q

Amazonian rainforest is home to more than _____ species of plants

A

40,000

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23
Q

In terms of speciation, ______ have remained undisturbed for millions of years

A

Tropical latitudes

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24
Q

Constant environment of tropical regions promote _____ specialisation and thus, greater species diversity

A

niche

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25
Q

There is more _____ energy available in the tropics, which contributes to higher productivity

A

solar

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26
Q

The greater German naturalist and geographer _______ observed that within a region species richness increased with increasing explored area

A

Alexander von Humboldt

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27
Q

The relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa turns out to be a:

A

Rectangular hyperbola

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28
Q

S in species area relationship equation is:

A

Species richness

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28
Q

The equation for species area relationship is:

A

log S = log C + Z log A

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29
Q

Ecologists have discovered that the value of Z lies in the range of _____ regardless of the taxonomic group or the region

A

0.1 to 0.2

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30
Q

Slope value (Z) of frugivorous birds and mammals in the tropical forests is:

A

1.15

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31
Q

Ecologists believed that communities with more species, generally, tend to be more ______ than those with less species

A

Stable

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32
Q

David Tilman found that high _______ contributes to higher productivity

A

Species diversity

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33
Q

The ‘Rivet popper hypothesis’ was proposed by Stanford ecologist:

A

Paul Ehrlich

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34
Q

According to rivet popper hypothesis, _____ of key species that drive major ecosystem functions is a threat to ecosystem

A

Extinction

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35
Q

The IUCN Red List (2004) documents the extinction of _____ species in the last 500 years

A

784

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36
Q

Dodo got extinct from:

A

Mauritius

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37
Q

A native of Africa that got extinct is:

A

Quagga

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38
Q

Thylacine got extinct from:

A

Australia

39
Q

Stellar’s Sea Cow got extinct from:

A

Russia

40
Q

Subspecies of tiger that recently got extinct are:

A

Bali, Javan, Caspian

41
Q

______ per cent of all bird species and _____ per cent of all mammals species in the world face the threat of extinction

A

12; 23

42
Q

______ per cent of all amphibian species and _____ per cent of all gymnosperm species in the world face the threat of extinction

A

32; 31

43
Q

Before the appearance of human species on earth, there were ____ episodes of mass extinction of species

A

five

44
Q

Loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to decline in:

A

Plant production

45
Q

Loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as ____

A

drought

46
Q

The sobriquet used to describe four major causes of biodiversity loss is:

A

The evil quartet

47
Q

The most important cause driving plants and animals to extinction is _____ and ____

A

Habitat loss and fragmentation

48
Q

Tropical rainforests now cover only ______% of the earth’s land surface

A

6

49
Q

The rainforest called the ‘lungs of the planet’ is :

A

The Amazon rain forest

50
Q

The Amazon rain forest is being cut and cleared for cultivating _________

A

Soya beans

51
Q

Amazon rain forest is being cut and cleared for conversion to ______ for raising beef cattle

A

grasslands

52
Q

Fragmentation affects certain animals with ______ habitats, leading to population declines

A

migratory

53
Q

When ‘need’ turns to ‘greed’, it leads to _____ of natural resources

A

over-exploitation

54
Q

Name two species which got extinct due to over-exploitation of natural resources

A

Steller’s sea cow and passenger pigeon

55
Q

When alien species are introduced unintentionally or deliberately for whatever purpose, some of them turn invasive, and cause decline or extinction of ______ species

A

indigenous

56
Q

Introduction of which species into Lake Victoria in East Africa led to extinction of cichlid fish?

A

Nile perch

57
Q

Name three invasive weed species

A

Parthenium, Lantana, Eicchornia

58
Q

Carrot grass is common name of:

A

Parthenium

59
Q

Water hyacinth is common name of:

A

Eicchornia

60
Q

Illegal introduction of which African catfish is posing a threat to indigenous catfishes in rivers?

A

Clarias gariepinus

61
Q

When a species become extinct, plant or animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct, this is called:

A

co-extincton

62
Q

Extinction of host fish along with its parasite is an example of:

A

co-extinction

63
Q

Name some industrial products we get from plants

A

Tannins, lubricants, dyes, resins, perfumes

64
Q

More than ______% of drugs in use are derived from plants

A

25

65
Q

Conserving biodiversity for economic benefits is related to which argument?

A

Narrowly utilitarian

66
Q

The argument for biodiversity conservation that says biodiversity plays a major role in many ecosystem services that nature provides is:

A

Broadly utilitarian

67
Q

Amazon rain forest produces approximately ______% of total oxygen on earth’s atmosphere

A

20

68
Q

The service of nature without which plants cannot propagate is:

A

pollination

69
Q

Name some pollinating agents

A

Bees, bumblebees, birds and bats

70
Q

Which argument for conserving biodiversity relates to intrinsic value of every species?

A

Ethical argument

71
Q

The on-site conservation of biodiversity is called:

A

In situ conservation

72
Q

Desirable approach for conserving endangered or threatened species is:

A

Ex situ conservation

73
Q

Species that are confined to a particular region and not found anywhere else are called:

A

Endemic species

74
Q

Total number of biodiversity hotspots in the world stands at:

A

34

75
Q

The regions which face accelerated habitat loss are:

A

Biodiversity hotspots

76
Q

The three hotspots that cover India’s high biodiversity regions are:

A

Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalaya

77
Q

Biodiversity hotspots account for less than _____% of the total earth’s land area

A

2

78
Q

In India, ecologically unique and biodiversity rich regions are legally protected as:

A

Biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries

79
Q

Total number of biosphere reserves in India stands at

A

14

80
Q

Total number of national parks in India stands at:

A

90

81
Q

The number of wildlife sanctuaries in India stands at:

A

448

82
Q

The forests which are venerated and protected due to cultural practices are called:

A

Sacred groves

83
Q

Sacred groves in Meghalaya are found in:

A

Khasi and Jaintia Hills

84
Q

Sacred groves of Rajasthan are found in:

A

Aravali Hills

85
Q

Western Ghats regions of Karnataka and Maharashtra are an example of:

A

Sacred groves

86
Q

Sacred groves are found in ______ areas of Madhya Pradesh?

A

Sarguja, Chanda, Bastar

87
Q

Sacred groves of ______ regions are the last refuge for a large number of rare and threatened plants?

A

Meghalaya

88
Q

The type of conservation in which threatened plants and animals are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in a protective setting is:

A

Ex situ conservation

89
Q

Off-site conservation of threatened species is done by protecting them in _______, _______ and ________

A

Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks

90
Q

Gametes of threatened species are preserved in viable and fertile condition using _____ techniques

A

cryopreservation

91
Q

Seeds of different genetic strains of commercially important plants is kept for preservation in:

A

Seed banks

92
Q

The Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in year:

A

1992

93
Q

World Summit on Sustainable Development was held in 2002 in:

A

Johannesburg, South Africa

94
Q

How many countries pledged their commitment during World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002?

A

190 countries

95
Q

Mark A, B and C in the following figure

A

A) S = CA^Z
B) species richness
C) log S = log C + Z log A

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