Environmental Issues Flashcards by Panjwani Tuition

Any undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, land, water or soil is called:-

Pollution

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In order to control environmental pollution, the Government of India has passed the act:-

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

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_____ pollutants reduce growth and yield of crops and cause premature death of plants

Air

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Harmful effects of pollutants depend on duration of exposure, the organism and the ____________

concentration of pollutant

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The most widely used device to remove particulate matter is:-

electrostatic precipitator

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An electrostatic precipitator can remove over ______ percent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant

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An electrostatic precipitator has electrode wires, which produce a _________ that releases electrons.

corona

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The ___________ of air between the plates must be low enough to allow the dust to fall

velocity

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A ____________ can remove gases like sulphur dioxide from exhaust

scrubber

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A ____________ can remove gases like sulphur dioxide from exhaust

scrubber

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CPCB stands for:-

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

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According to CPCB, particulate matter of size __________________ or less in diameter are responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health.

2.5 micrometers

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A major cause for atmospheric pollution in the metro cities is:-

Automobiles

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Proper maintenance of automobiles along with use of _______________ or diesel can reduce the pollutants they emit

Lead-free petrol/diesel

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The metals used as the catalysts by catalytic converters are:-

platinum-palladium and rhodium

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Catalytic converter converts unburnt hydrocarbons into _________ and _________.

carbon dioxide; water

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Catalytic converter converts Harmful gases like ____________ and ____________ into carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively.

carbon monoxide; nitric oxide

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Motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converter should use _________ petrol

unleaded

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Lead present in the petrol inactivates the _____________ of catalytic converter.

catalyst

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In India, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act came into force in the year:

1981

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The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was amended in 1987 to include ________ as an air pollutant.

Noise

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Undesirable high level of sound is called:-

Noise

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High sound level of 150 dB or more can damage ___________ thus permanently impairing hearing ability.

ear drums

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Delimitation of _________ zones around schools and hospitals is recommended to reduce noise pollution.

horn-free

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Permissible sound-levels of ________ and of _________ should be enforced to avoid noise pollution.

crackers; loud-speakers

In the 1990s, Delhi ranked _______ among the 41 most polluted cities of the world

fourth

PIL stands for:-

Public Interest Litigation

All the buses of Delhi were converted to run on ______ by the end of 2002

CNG

_______ burns most efficiently, unlike petrol or diesel, in the automobiles and very little of it is left unburnt.

CNG

Use of ___________ in vehicles is recommended to reduce air pollution.

catalytic converters

Use of unleaded and ___________ petrol is recommended to reduce pollution level

low-sulphur

In order to cut vehicular pollution in India, it is recommended to reduce __________ and ___________ content in petrol and diesel fuels.

sulphur; aromatic

The norms that stipulate sulphur to be controlled at 350 ppm in diesel and 150 ppm in petrol are:-

Euro III norms

Government of India has stipulated that aromatic hydrocarbons are to be contained at ____% of the concerned fuel.

The goal, according to the roadmap, is to reduce sulphur to ____ ppm in petrol and diesel and bring down the level to ____ per cent.

50, 35

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed to safeguard water resources of India in the year:-

1974

Nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, calcium and sodium are _____________ impurities present in sewage water.

dissolved

_______% impurities make domestic sewage water unfit for human use.

0.1

Domestic sewage primarily contains ____________ organic matter

biodegradable

The amount of biodegradable organic matter in sewage water is measured by:-

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Decline in dissolved oxygen content of sewage discharge causes mortality of ___________ and _____________

fish and other aquatic creatures.

Presence of large amounts of nutrients in waters also causes excessive growth of planktonic (free-floating) algae, called an:-

algal bloom

_________________ cause deterioration of the water quality and fish mortality.

algal blooms

The world's most problematic aquatic weed is:

Eichhornia crassipes

Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is also called the:-

Terror of Bengal

Water hyacinth grow abundantly in ___________ water bodies

eutrophic

Disposal of sewage water directly into water without proper treatment may lead to outbreak of serious diseases like:-

Dysentery, typhoid, jaundice, cholera

Waste water from industries like petroleum, metal extraction and chemical manufacturing contain heavy metals like:-

Mercury, cadmium, copper, lead

Heavy metals are defined as elements with density greater than:-

5 g/cm3

A few toxic substances, often present in industrial waste waters, can undergo ______________________ in the aquatic food chain.

biological magnification

The toxic subtances well-known for biomagnification are _________ and ________.

mercury; DDT

High concentrations of DDT disturb _________ metabolism in birds

calcium

High concentrations of DDT in birds causes _________ of eggshell and their premature ________.

thinning; breaking

The natural aging of a lake by nutrient enrichment of its water is called:-

Eutrophication

Introduction of nutrients like ________ and _________ into the lake encourage the growth of aquatic organisms.

nitrogen; phosphorus

The phenomenon of pollutants accelerating the process of aging of a water body is called:-

Cultural or Accelerated Eutrophication

The prime contaminants involved in accelerated eutrophication are _______ and _________.

nitrates; phosphates

Excess of nitrates and phosphates in the lake overstimulate the growth of:-

algae

Thermal wastewater eliminates or reduces the number of organisms sensitive to:-

high temperatures

In which town of California, wastewater is treated in an integrated manner by utilising a mix of artificial and natural processes?

Arcata

In water treatment plant of Arcata, conventional method involves:

sedimentation, filtering and chlorine treatment

The biologists developed a series of six connected marshes over 60 hectares of ___________

marshland

In water treatment plant of Arcata, the organisms used to neutralise, absorb and assimilate pollutants were

Appropriate plants, algae, fungi and bacteria

The marshes also constitute a ____________, with a high level of biodiversity in the form of fishes, animals and birds

sanctuary

The group responsible for taking care of sanctuary situated in the marshes of Arcata water treatment project is:-

Friends of the Arcata Marsh (FOAM)

Ecological sanitation is a sustainable system for handling human excreta, using ________________ toilets

dry composting toilets

By using dry composting toilets, human excreta can be recycled into a resource as:-

natural fertiliser

Dry composting toilets are working under the name:-

EcoSan' toilets

EcoSan toilets are successfully running in many areas of ________ and __________

Kerala and Sri Lanka

________________ were adopted as the substitute for open-burning dumps

Sanitary landfills

With sanitary landfills, there is danger of seepage of ____________, polluting the underground water resources

chemicals

The waste generated by humans is categorised into three types, namely:-

Bio-degradable, recyclable and non-biodegradable waste

The type of waste material which can be put into deep pits and left for natural breakdown is:-

biodegradable waste

Humans need to reduce generation of which type of waste?

Non-biodegradable waste

Humans need to reduce generation of which type of waste?

Non-biodegradable waste

Polythene bags can be replaced by:-

cloth or natural fibre carry bags

The use of __________ is crucial to dispoal of hospital waste

incinerators

Irreparable computers and other electronic goods are known as:-

electronic wastes (e-wastes)

Over half of the e-wastes generated in the developed countries are exported mainly to _________, __________ and _________.

China; India; Pakistan

The only desirable solution for the treatment of e-waste is:-

Recycling

Environmental Issues Flashcards

(80 cards)