biodiversity

Question 1

definition of diversity

Answer 1

variety of living organisms in an area

Question 2

definition of species

Answer 2

a group of organisms able to breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 3

definition of habitat

Answer 3

the area where the population of species lives

Question 4

what 3 things is biodiversity considered by

Answer 4

-habitat diversity
-genetic diversity
-species diversity

Question 5

what is species richness

Answer 5

the different number of species in an area

Question 6

what is species eveness

Answer 6

the relative abundance of each different species within the community

Question 7

what is the importance of measuring biodiversity

Answer 7

enables comparisons to be made between different areas and in the same area at different times

Question 8

what is random sampling

Answer 8

when sample sites have been selected randomly

Question 9

what is non-random sampling

Answer 9

when sites have been selected with a purpose

Question 10

benefits and negatives of stratified sampling over random

Answer 10

stratified ensures all different areas are sampled but it may lead to an over representation of some areas and species

Question 11

what is sweep netting

Answer 11

small insects get caught in net when swept through the vegetation. a pointer stops insects from flying away

Question 12

positives and negative’s of random sampling

Answer 12

-ensures that the data is not biased by selective sampling

-may not cover all areas of a habitat equally and underestimate of biodiversity

Question 13

positives and negatives of opportunistic sampling

Answer 13

-easier and quicker than random

-may be biased- overestimate of bio diversity

Question 14

what is opportunistic sampling

Answer 14

researcher makes sampling decisions based on prior knowledge

Question 15

what is stratified sampling

Answer 15

dividing a habitat into areas which appear different and sample them each differently

Question 16

positives and negative’s of stratified sampling

Answer 16

-ensures that all different areas are sampled

-may lead to over-representation of some areas

Question 17

what is systematic sampling

Answer 17

when samples are taken at fixed intervals across the habitat

Question 18

positives and negative’s of systematic sampling

Answer 18

-useful when the habitat shows a clear gradient in some environmental factors

-only the species on the line can be recorded. missing species

Question 19

what is an allele

Answer 19

a version of a gene

Question 20

what is a locus

Answer 20

the position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 21

what is a polymorphic gene locus

Answer 21

a locus that has more than two alleles

Question 22

factors affecting biodiversity

Answer 22

-deforestation
-agriculture
-global warming
-mining
-pollution
-over exploitation

Question 23

what is monoculture

Answer 23

growing one type of crop

Question 24

what is genetic erosion

Answer 24

selecting for specific breeds means other breeds die out

Question 25

how does the loss of genetic diversity affect species

Answer 25

crop is highly susceptible to diseases and pests

Question 26

why are habitats hard to restor

Answer 26

harder to restore in different conditions and harder to adapt

Question 27

what is extinction

Answer 27

when the last living member of a species dies

Question 28

how does the human population growth effect biodiversity

Answer 28

-alter ecosystems to provide ourselves with food -we destroy and fragment -we pollute u

Question 29

what is a pitfall trap

Answer 29

trap in soil which catches small animals when they walk over it

Question 30

what is a tulgren funnel

Answer 30

leaf litter is placed in a funnel. a light above the litter drives the animals downwards

Question 31

what is light trap

Answer 31

light trap collects flying insects

Question 32

how does the proportion of polymorphic gene loci affect diversity

Answer 32

the higher the proportion of polymorphic gene loci, the larger the genetic diversity within the population

Question 33

what is the value for high and low diversity with the simpsons index

Answer 33

lower biodiversity- value closer to 0 higher biodiversity- value closer to 1

Question 34

how can u ensure your sample is representative

Answer 34

take a large sample use random sampling

Question 35

what is a point quadrant

Answer 35

horizontal bar with holes along it

Question 36

what is a frame quadrant

Answer 36

a square frame of a known size

Question 37

what are pooters

Answer 37

two tubes connected to a closed pot. create suction on the tube which draws the insect into the pot

Question 38

reasons to maintain biodiversity

Answer 38

ecological economical aesthetic reasons ethical

Question 39

what is the ecological reason to maintain biodiversity

Answer 39

removal of a habitat also removes food sources for animals. all organisms are interdependent on each other so a loss of one species effects others

Question 40

what is the economic reason to maintain biodiversity

Answer 40

-tourism relies on people visiting an area of natural beauty -many medicines use plants -plants reduce soil depletion -resources like wood for fences ect

Question 41

what is in situ

Answer 41

within the natural habitat

Question 42

what is ex situ

Answer 42

not within the natural habitat

Question 43

what is the aesthetic reason to maintain biodiversity

Answer 43

protecting landscapes: enjoying the natural beauty of the planet -beautiful creatures

Question 44

what is the ethical reason to maintain biodiversity

Answer 44

they have the right to exist

Question 45

why is it important to collect organisms from several different sites

Answer 45

-maintains genetic variation and gene pool -reduce the chance of future disease affecting whole population as there is more variation -reduces inbreeding -maintains varieties

Question 46

what does CITES do

Answer 46

-regulate and monitor endangered species -ensures international trade does not endanger wild population -prohibit trade in wild plants -allow trade in less endangered species

Question 47

what does the Rip convention do

Answer 47

-replant trees, fishing quotas -share genetic resources -share access to scientific knowledge -promotes ex situ conservation

Question 48

advantages of ex situ

Answer 48

-protected from predation and poaching -health can be monitored and assisted -genetic diversity of the population can be measured -selective breeding can be carried out to increase genetic diversity

Question 49

disadvantages of ex situ

Answer 49

-a captive population is always likely to have a limited genetic diversity -animals can be exposed to diseases -correct environmental conditions may be hard to achieve -nutritional issues can be difficult to manage

Question 50

advantages of in situ

Answer 50

-species are conserved in their natural environment -permanently protects biodiversity -facilitates scientific research -may be possible to improve and restore the ecological integrity

Question 51

disadvantages of in situ

Answer 51

-endangered habitats may be fragmented -population may have already lost much of its genetic diversity -area can act as a honey pot for tourists and poachers

Question 52

advantages of seed banks

Answer 52

-seeds are viable for a long time -don’t take up a lot of space -easy to transport -less vulnerable to disease