carbohydrates

Question 1

what is a monomer

Answer 1

a small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer

Question 2

what is a polymer

Answer 2

a large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers

Question 3

properties of water

Answer 3

-provides habitats for organisms
-provides a reaction medium for chemical reactions
-works as an effective transport medium
-ice is less dense than water so creates a stable environment in winter
-good solvent so molecules and ions can react together in water
-cohesion and tension so insects can walk on water
-high specific heat capacity
-high latent heat of vaporisation

Question 4

how do u make maltose

Answer 4

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

Question 5

how do u make sucrose

Answer 5

alpha glucose + fructose

Question 6

properties of starch-amylose (in plants)

Answer 6

-long chain of alpha glucose molecules
-has glycosidic bond between carbon 1 and 4
-coils into spiral shape
-hydrogen bonds hold spiral in place

Question 7

properties of amylopectin

Answer 7

-glycosidic bonds between carbon 1 and 4
-has branches formed by glycosidic bonds between carbons 1 and 6
-spiral shape held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 8

properties of glycogen

Answer 8

-glycosidic bonds between carbon 1 and 4
- branches formed by glycosidic bonds between carbon 1 and 6
-linear chain and compact

Question 9

where is the hydroxyl group in an alpha glucose

Answer 9

below/ on the bottom

Question 10

where is the hydroxyl group in an beta glucose

Answer 10

above/on the top

Question 11

properties of cellulose

Answer 11

-beta glucose molecules
-every other beta glucose in the chain is flipped 180’ to allow bonding
-straight chain
-chains held by hydrogen bonding

Question 12

what polymer does glucose make

Answer 12

-starch
-cellulose
-glycogen

Question 13

what monomers does carbohydrates make

Answer 13

glucose and ribose

Question 14

what kind of sugar is ribose

Answer 14

a pentose sugar

Question 15

how do disaccharides form

Answer 15

-made of two monosaccharides
-joined via glycosidic bond
-formed via a condensation reaction

Question 16

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 16

joining two molecules together by removing a water molecule

Question 17

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 17

splitting apart molecules through the addition of a water molecule

Question 18

where is starch found

Answer 18

in plants

Question 19

what is starch used for

Answer 19

a store of glucose in plants

Question 20

where is cellulose found

Answer 20

in plants

Question 21

what is starch used for

Answer 21

structural strength

Question 22

where is glycogen found

Answer 22

in animals

Question 23

what is glycogen used for

Answer 23

store of glucose

Question 24

what monomers are in starch

Answer 24

alpha glucose

Question 25

what is the bond between monomers in starch

Answer 25

1-4 glycosidic bonds in amylose 1-4 and 1-6 in amylopectin

Question 26

how does the structure of starch (amylopectin and amylose) lead to function

Answer 26

-helix can compact to fit a lot of glucose in a small space -branched structure increases surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose -insoluble- wont affect water potential

Question 27

what monomers are in cellulose

Answer 27

beta glucose

Question 28

what are the bonds between monomers in cellulose

Answer 28

1-4 glycosidic bonds

Question 29

what is the structure of cellulose

Answer 29

-polymer forms long, straight chains -chains are held in parallel by many hydrogen bonds to form fibrils -macrofibrils combine to form a cellulose fibre

Question 30

how the structure of cellulose leads to the function

Answer 30

-many hydrogen bonds provide collective strength -insoluble so won’t affect water potential

Question 31

what monomers are in glycogen

Answer 31

alpha glucose

Question 32

what are the bonds between monomers in glycogen

Answer 32

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 33

what is the structure of glycogen

Answer 33

a highly branched molecule

Question 34

how the structure of glycogen leads to the function

Answer 34

-branched structure increases surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose -insoluble so won’t affect water potential

Question 36

name the bond that holds alpha glucose and the fructose together

Answer 36

1,6- glycosidic bond

Question 37

what ion is required for the hydrolysis of starch by an enzyme

Answer 37

Cl-