cell biology

Question 1

what is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

most organelles within the cell are membrane bound- keeps organelles separate from each other

Question 2

what is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

cell with DNA not enclosed in a nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

Question 3

what is membrane bound organelles

Answer 3

organelles with a membrane covering them (provides compartmentalisation)

Question 4

function of plasma membrane

Answer 4

to protect cell from surroundings, controls what exits, enters

Question 5

function of mitochondria

Answer 5

site of ATP production during aerobic respiration

Question 6

function of cytoplasm

Answer 6

-holds organelles of cell and protects them
-chemical reactions take place

Question 7

function of ribosomes

Answer 7

synthesising proteins

Question 8

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

-absorption, synthesis and transport of lipids from the gut

Question 9

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

-ribosomes attach to it for protein synthesis

Question 10

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 10

where proteins are processed, modified and then packaged into vesicles for transfer and storage

Question 11

function of lysosomes

Answer 11

engulf old cell organelles and foreign matter, digest them and return it to the cell for reuse

Question 12

function of chloroplasts

Answer 12

site of photosynthesis

Question 13

function of centrioles

Answer 13

organelles used in cell division

Question 14

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 14

enables cell movement via cilia and flagella and strengtens the structure of the cell to maintain it

Question 15

function of cellulose cell wall

Answer 15

prevents plant cells from bursting

Question 16

organelles that do not have a membrane

Answer 16

-ribosomes
-centrioles
-cytoskeleton
-cellulose cell wall

Question 17

how do organelles work together to secrete a protein

Answer 17

-mRNA copy of the gene is made in nucleus
-mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore
-mRNA attaches to ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. ribosome reads gene to make the proten
-protein moleules are ‘pinched off’ in vesicles and travel towards golgi apparatus
-vesicle fuses with golgi apparatus
golgi processes, modifies and packages protein for release
-packaged protein molecules are ‘pinched off’ in vesicles from golgi and move towards plasma membrane
-vesicle fuses with plasma membrane
-plasma membrane opens to release protein molecules outside

Question 18

what is a nucleotide

Answer 18

area of prokaryotic cell where loose DNA is formed

Question 19

what is a plasmid

Answer 19

circular DNA found in prokaryotic cells

Question 20

function of flagella

Answer 20

allows bacteria to move

Question 21

function of pili

Answer 21

small hair like structure that allow bacteria to stick to each other or to host cells

Question 22

function of plasmid

Answer 22

small loop of DNA

Question 23

function of nucleotide

Answer 23

area within the cytoplasm where the DNA is

Question 24

function of capsule

Answer 24

waxy and protective

Question 25

function of cell wall

Answer 25

made out of peptidoglycan which stops the cell from bursting

Question 26

definition of magnification

Answer 26

how many times the image is zoomed in compared to the actual object

Question 27

definition of resolution

Answer 27

the smallest distance between two points where they're seen as separate

Question 28

magnification equation

Answer 28

magnification = image size/actual size

Question 29

magnification of a transmission electron microscope

Answer 29

x2,000,000

Question 30

resolution of a transmission electron microscope

Answer 30

0.2nm

Question 31

specimen state when using a transmission electron microscope

Answer 31

dead and stained

Question 32

magnification of a scanning electron microscope

Answer 32

x15 - x200,000

Question 33

resolution of a scanning electron microscope

Answer 33

10nm

Question 34

specimen state when using a scanning electron microscope

Answer 34

placed in a vacuum

Question 35

what image does a scanning electron microscope produce

Answer 35

black and white 3D

Question 36

magnification of a laser scanning microscope

Answer 36

x200

Question 37

resolution of a laser scanning microscope

Answer 37

high resolution

Question 38

specimen state when using a laser scanning microscope

Answer 38

can observe living organisms

Question 39

what image does a laser scanning microscope produce

Answer 39

colour 3D

Question 40

magnification of an optical microscope

Answer 40

x1500 - x2000

Question 41

resolution of an optical microscope

Answer 41

0.2um

Question 42

what image does the optical microscope produce

Answer 42

2D