Bioenergetics And Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is bioenergetics?

Answer 1

Energy production and use for cells, based on the laws of thermodynamics

Question 2

What is the first law of thermodynamics ?

Answer 2

Energy is not lost or created, it is just converted from one form to another

Question 3

What is the second law of thermodynamics ?

Answer 3

Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe

Question 4

What do living organisms require constantly?

Answer 4

Energy input

Question 5

What does ATP act as in a cell?

Answer 5

An energy reservoir

Question 6

Anabolism

Answer 6

Energy to build things

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

Molecule breakdown releases energy

Question 8

What is the Gibbs Free Energy formula?

Answer 8

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Question 9

Exergonic reaction?

Answer 9

Where energy is released

Question 10

Endergonic reaction?

Answer 10

When energy is required

Question 11

What do enzymes do in a reaction?

Answer 11

Lower the activation energy (which is the energy required to kickstart a reaction)

Question 12

Do enzymes change ΔG?

Answer 12

NO!

Question 13

Enzymes are often inhibited by the end product in pathways, what is this called?

Answer 13

Negative feedback

Question 14

When does ATP release energy?

Answer 14

When the outermost inorganic phosphate is cleaved off

Question 15

Why is energy stored in the outermost Pi?

Answer 15

Because the negative charges repel each other.

Question 16

How is ATP formed?

Answer 16

1. Substrate level phosphorylation
2. Oxidative phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)

Question 17

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 17

The transfer of a phosphate group to ADP

Question 18

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 18

The movement of ions down their electrochemical gradient across a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 19

What is cellular respiration ?

Answer 19

A metabolic process with which an organism obtains energy by oxidising nutrients and releasing waste products.

Question 20

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 20

1. Glycolysis
2. Citric acid cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

Where does glycolysis take place, and what is glucose changed into?

Answer 21

The cytosol and
glucose -> pyruvate

Question 22

Where does the citric acid cycle take place and what triggers it to start?

Answer 22

In the mitochondrion and it starts once pyruvate is made.

Question 23

Does the citric acid cycle require oxygen?

Answer 23

No but pyruvate will not move to the citric acid cycle without oxygen.

Question 24

What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle?

Answer 24

Creating more ATP and harvesting electrons

Question 25

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

Answer 25

In the mitochondrion

Question 26

Does oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen

Answer 26

Yes!

Question 27

What does cellular respiration release ?

Answer 27

CO2 and H2O

Question 28

In glycolysis, in the energy investment phase: how much ATP is “invested”?

Answer 28

2 ATP is invested in the energy investment stage of glycolysis

Question 29

In glycolysis, in the energy payoff stage: how much ATP is formed?

Answer 29

4 ATP are formed in the energy payoff phase

Question 30

In glycolysis there is a net gain of ____ ATP per glucose molecule

Answer 30

In glycolysis there is a net gain of two ATP per glucose molecule

Question 31

How many steps are there in glycolysis?

Answer 31

10!