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Biology 1B > Protein Structure And Function > Flashcards

Protein Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

How many different enzymes (approximately) does an e.coli cell contain?

A

2000

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2
Q

What type of protein is haemoglobin?

A

A transport protein. Haemoglobin transports oxygen around the body.

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3
Q

What two main things to transport proteins do?

A

Move molecules around the body and move molecules across membranes.

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4
Q

What are some examples of structural proteins?

A

Fibroid -> in silk
Collagen -> in connective tissue
Keratin -> In hair, skin, and feathers

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5
Q

What type of protein is a hormone?

A

Communication

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6
Q

What are some examples of movement proteins?

A

Actin and myosin

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7
Q

What type of proteins are antibodies?

A

Defence

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8
Q

What is the basic structure of a protein?

A

Carbon in the middle, amine group, carboxylate group, and the rest of the structure

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9
Q

Proteins are polymers of what?

A

Amino acids!

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10
Q

Proteins fold into 3D structures stabilised by non-covalent interactions. What are these interactions?

A

Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrophobic bonds

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11
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Weak electrostatic bonds formed when a highly electronegative element (N, O, F, S) bond to a hydrogen. They are collectively strong.

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12
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Electrostatic interactions between +ve and -ve charges

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13
Q

What are hydrophobic interactions?

A

Non-polar sidechains cluster together excluding water and allowing H2O to form H bonds between themselves

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14
Q

What are Van der Waals?

A

Weak forces between adjacent neutral atoms

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15
Q

What is the primary structure of proteins ?

A

The amino acid sequence

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16
Q

What is the secondary structure of proteins?

A

An alpha helix or a beta sheet.

17
Q

How is the secondary structure of proteins stabilised?

A

By hydrogen bonding

18
Q

How is the tertiary structure of proteins stabilised?

A

Hydrogen bonding, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions and disulphide bonds

19
Q

What is the quaternary structure of proteins?

A

The arrangement of subunits in proteins containing two or more polypeptide chains

20
Q

Protein conformation is flexible. What does this mean?

A

Proteins are not rigid, their structure can change

21
Q

What is the main way that protein conformation can be destroyed/denatured?

A

Heat!!!!

22
Q

What are protein domains?

A

An Independently stable part of a polypeptide, usually with a specific function

23
Q

How can evolution of new proteins occur (domains)?

A

Domain swopping

24
Q

An antibody will recognise a small part of an antigen, what is this called?

A

The epitope

25
Q

Protein function is regulated, what is this crucial in?

A

Homeostasis

26
Q

What are some of the functions that membrane proteins can play?

A

Cell-cell recognition, signal transduction via hormone receptors, transport

Biology 1B (15 decks)

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