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biology 1b > Stem Cells And Reproductive Ethics > Flashcards

Stem Cells And Reproductive Ethics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What are the key features of stem cells?

A

Unspecialised
Self-renew
Differentiate into different types of cells

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2
Q

Pluripotent

A

Can differentiate into any cell

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3
Q

Multipotent

A

Found in our tissues, can differentiate into “a few” different cell types
E.g. bones, bone marrow but not blood

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4
Q

Unipotent

A

Differentiate into one cell type

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5
Q

What is a mature cell?

A

A stem cell after differentiation

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6
Q

What are four ways stem cells are used in research?

A
  1. Studying cell differentiation
  2. Gain understanding of prevention and treatments of birth defects
  3. Toxicity tests
  4. Identifying drug targets and therapeutics (regenerative medicine)
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7
Q

What is included in regenerative medicine ?

A

Repair, replace, restore, and regenerate - replacement of cells/tissues after damage

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8
Q

Where do adult stem cells come from?

A

Somatic tissues

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9
Q

What are somatic tissues?

A

Internal organs, skin, bones, blood, connective tissue

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10
Q

Are adult stem cells pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent?

A

Adult stem cells are unipotent

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11
Q

What is the role of adult stem cells?

A

To maintain and renew it’s organ throughout the life of the organism that it belongs to

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12
Q

Autologous

A

Taken from a person and returned to the same person

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13
Q

Allogenic

A

Taken from a person and returned to a different person

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14
Q

What stage of the cell cycle are true stem cells in?

A

G0

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15
Q

What are two uses for haematopoietic stem cells (HSC)?

A

*Bone marrow transplant
*Transplants for patients who need (diseased) blood replacement

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16
Q

What are some blood diseases?

A

Leukaemia
Sickle cell anaemia
Thalassaemia
Immune deficiencies

17
Q

Are embryonic stem cells unipotent, multipotent, or pluripotent?

A

Embryonic SCs are pluripotent

18
Q

Where are human ESCs derived from?

A

The inner cell mass of blastocysts (IF; d5 post-fertilisation)

19
Q

What are some applications of ESC?

A

Research
Drug-testing
Toxicology
Drug discovery
Therapy

20
Q

What is the main issue with using ESCs?

A

Embryonic life

21
Q

What are the current concerns in clinical hESC use?

A

*Need to refine methods
*Potential teratoma formation from undifferentiated cells
*Need to scale up experiments
*Animal products used in cultures

22
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

A tumour containing tissues of more than one germ layer

23
Q

Reprogramming somatic cells creates what?

A

Induced pluripotent stem cells which have the potential for use in cell therapy, research, or drug discovery

biology 1b (15 decks)

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