BIOL lab 1101

Question 1

What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?

Answer 1

Observe, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze, Conclusion

Question 2

Define hypothesis.

Answer 2

A testable and falsifiable explanation for a scientific observation or question.

Question 3

What makes a good hypothesis?

Answer 3

It offers only one explanation and leads to prediction.

Question 4

Can you prove a hypothesis?

Answer 4

No, it can be supported.

Question 5

Does a rejected hypothesis indicate a failed experiment? Why or why not?

Answer 5

No, it does not because a rejected hypothesis can lead to new questions.

Question 6

Why do experiments need to be repeated?

Answer 6

It strengthens the evidence for the hypothesis.

Question 7

What is a variable?

Answer 7

Any item, factor, or condition that can be controlled or changed.

Question 8

Define independent variable.

Answer 8

The variable that is manipulated or changed by the scientist.

Question 9

Define dependent variable.

Answer 9

The variable that is observed or measured in the experiment.

Question 10

Define control variables.

Answer 10

Variables that are not changed throughout the experiment.

Question 11

What variable is typically on the x-axis of a bar graph?

Answer 11

Independent variables.

Question 12

What variable is typically on the y-axis of a bar graph?

Answer 12

Dependent variables.

Question 13

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 13

Sugar molecules.

Question 14

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

Answer 14

Monosaccharide.

Question 15

List the pentose monosaccharides and their functions.

Answer 15

• Glucose - body’s key source of energy
• Fructose - fruit sugar
• Mannose and Galactose - building blocks in more complex carbohydrates.

Question 16

List the hexose monosaccharides and their functions.

Answer 16

• Ribose - important for RNA
• Deoxyribose - important for DNA.

Question 17

List the disaccharides and their functions.

Answer 17

• Sucrose - table sugar
• Lactose - milk sugar
• Maltose - malt sugar.

Question 18

List the polysaccharides and their functions.

Answer 18

• Starch - storage form of carbohydrates in plants
• Glycogen - storage form of carbohydrates in animals
• Cellulose - structural form of carbohydrates in plants, referred to as dietary fiber.

Question 19

What is an enzyme?

Answer 19

Proteins that speed up the rates of a chemical reaction.

Question 20

What polysaccharide can humans not digest because we lack the enzyme?

Answer 20

Cellulose.

Question 21

What is the name of the reagent used to test for reducing sugars?

Answer 21

Benedict’s reagent.

Question 22

What metal does Benedict’s reagent contain?

Answer 22

Copper.

Question 23

What color solution indicates high reducing sugar content?

Answer 23

Red.

Question 24

Which disaccharide is NOT a reducing sugar?

Answer 24

Sucrose.

Question 25

What is a control?

Answer 25

A standard for comparison in an experiment.

Question 26

What is a positive control?

Answer 26

Positive test response.

Question 27

What is a negative control?

Answer 27

Negative test response.

Question 28

What reducing sugar is found in milk?

Answer 28

Galactose.

Question 29

What reducing sugar is found in apple juice?

Answer 29

Fructose.

Question 30

What is the proper way to transport and store your microscope?

Answer 30

Use two hands when carrying; one hand on the base and another on the arm.

Question 31

What are the names and magnifications for the 3 objective lenses used in lab?

Answer 31

* Scanning - 4x * Low power - 10x * High power - 40x.

Question 32

What is the magnification for the ocular lens?

Answer 32

10x.

Question 33

How do you calculate total magnification?

Answer 33

Ocular magnification x Objective magnification.

Question 34

Define cell membrane.

Answer 34

A permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.

Question 35

Define cytoplasm.

Answer 35

A fluid-filled liquid in the cell.

Question 36

Define organelle.

Answer 36

A membrane-bound structure within a cell.

Question 37

Define nucleus.

Answer 37

The genetic material in a cell.

Question 38

What is a difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 38

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, have few organelles, and are smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Question 39

What are the three typical shapes of bacteria?

Answer 39

* Sphere * Rods * Spirals.

Question 40

What eukaryotic cells did we view under the microscope?

Answer 40

* Plant cell * Animal cell.

Question 41

What stain did you use to dye your cheek cells in the lab?

Answer 41

Methylene blue.

Question 42

What stain did you use to dye onion cells in the lab?

Answer 42

Iodine.

Question 43

What type of nutrients did we observe on the food labels in lab?

Answer 43

* Fat * Salt * Sugar.

Question 44

What is the basic metric unit of mass?

Answer 44

Gram.

Question 45

What is a percent daily value?

Answer 45

%DV.

Question 46

How is percent daily value calculated?

Answer 46

(Actual/maximum) x 100.

Question 47

What is the temperature in Celsius that water freezes at?

Answer 47

0.

Question 48

What is the overall charge of DNA?

Answer 48

Negative charge.

Question 49

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 49

Store and transmit genetic instructions.

Question 50

What is gel electrophoresis?

Answer 50

A technique to visualize fragments of DNA.

Question 51

Which direction does DNA move in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 51

Towards the positive electrode.

Question 52

What is the purpose of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 52

To identify the size of DNA fragments in the sample.

Question 53

What is the purpose of using ethidium bromide?

Answer 53

To visualize DNA under UV light; it is moderately toxic.

Question 54

What indicates that DNA samples match?

Answer 54

If they are the same size.

Question 55

Common name of the plant researched in the lab?

Answer 55

Bald Cypress.

Question 56

Scientific name of the Bald Cypress?

Answer 56

Taxodium Distichum.

Question 57

Is Bald Cypress native or not?

Answer 57

Yes, it is native.

Question 58

Is Bald Cypress invasive or non-invasive?

Answer 58

Non-invasive.

Question 59

Does the U.S. use the metric or English system

Answer 59

both

Question 60

* What is the basic metric unit of mass, volume and length

Answer 60

Mass - gram Volume- liter Length- meter

Question 61

* What is the relative value of base units for the following prefixes

Answer 61

kilo = 1,000 hecta = 100 deca = 10 deci = 0.1 centi = 0.01 milli = 0.001

Question 62

Convert the following to scientific notation 35,621and 0.0512

Answer 62

35,621 = 1 x 10^4 0.0512 = 1 x 10^-2

Question 63

what is the temperaturee in celsius that water boils at

Answer 63

100

Question 64

what is the temperature in Celsius that's the normal body temperature

Answer 64

37

Question 65

What is DNA? In which part of a kiwi fruit cell is it found?

Answer 65

A nucleic acid that contains all the information necessary to build and the DNA in the kiwi is found in the nucleus

Question 66

What is the monomers of DNA and RNA

Answer 66

DNA and RNA is nucleotides

Question 67

What is the basic structure of a DNA molecule

Answer 67

Double helix structure

Question 68

Draw a corresponding strand of DNA to match the following 5’ – G C A T G C C A C G G T A T A T T C A A C G G T A – 3’

Answer 68

3’—C G T A C G G T G C C A T A T A A G T T G C C A T – 5’

Question 69

What is the purpose of each of the following for the extraction of DNA from Kiwi fruit: the shampoo, extraction liquid (salt water) and alcohol

Answer 69

The shampoo is to destroy the cell membrane, the slat water helps prevent DNA from being broken down and the alcohol allows the DNA to be seen

Question 70

What are the color of the negative and positive electrodes on the gel electrophoresis unit

Answer 70

The positive color is anode, red and the negative is cathode, black