Biolgical - Casey Flashcards
What is instant and delayed gratification
Instant - the inability to resist temptation for an immediate reward and not able to wait for later one
Ability to resist temptation for an immediate reward and wait for later one
Cognitive control
Ability to suppress inappropriate thoughts or actions in favour of approriate ones
Low delayers
High delayers
Low - people who cannot delay gratification
People who can delay gratification
Ventral striatum and inferiority frontal gyrus
Vs- facilitates our rewards and excites our behaviour known as hot system - involves desire and emotion
Ifg- cognitive control interprets facial expressions gives us appropriate emotional response known as cool
Overall aim
Conduct a longitudinal study that investigates delayed gratification over 40 years when ppts were initially tested
Sample
562 4 year olds Stanford university - marshmallow
153 20 self report on self control
135- original sample in 30s which also looks at self control
59 experiment 1 and 27 experiment 2
Experiment 1
59 ppts (32 high delayers 27 low delayers
Each face would appear for 0.5 seconds and have 1 second interval performance measured by reaction time and automatically recorded
Hot emotion happy and fearful face
Cool gender
Experiment 2
Consented to experiment 1 excluded due to poor performance
Were placed in fmri completed hot task similar to to experiment 1
Brain activity observed - focusing on ventral striatum and ifg
Results
Experiment 1 - no difference in reaction time both conditions accurate on go task
Ld made errors of hot task when Told not to click for happy face
Experiment 2 - ld had more activity in vs less in ifg
Hd high activity in ifg low activity in vs
Research method
Quasi design is naturally occurring lots of control strength is that using high technology draw conclusion in difference s in experiment 1 and 2
Longitudinal - allow to draw develop may be same as in adults are long time to conduct
Data
Quantitatively
How many made errors on each task ld on happy face 15.7 percent easy to compare over conditions - showed found it difficult to resist temptation
Could be stasis tally analysed to check significance of results
Ethical consideration
Conducted ethically consented , no deception, neither harmed or stressed fact number of participant reduced between two experiments withdrawal
Validity
Under controlled conditions less extraneous variables impact study
Ecological validity
No resemblance to real life
Famished static image of happy face may elicit a realistic response doesn’t tell us how would response under normal conditions
Fmri scanner not realistic
Reliability
Cost and time effective not so can’t be replicated
Sample
Subject attrition as it reduces may not be generalisable volunteer may have interest in study may differe who didn’t have interest
Not all ld and hd would be same for everyone
Ethnocentrism
Self control and gratification based in anatomy and physionogmy conducted in America culture may affect whether h delayers or low delayers , culture if America effect behaviour cannot be generalised
Perspective and areas
Investigating whether specific regions of brain Impact on our ability to resist temptation of rewarding stimuli
Shows our biology plays important role I. Our ability to defer gratification
Individual differences present from childhood are stable across decade to defer gratification
Key theme
Revealed two regions of brain have impact on our ability to resist temptation and defer gratification. Found evidence for hit and cooks systems
Changes understanding of the key theme
Adding to sperrys research if regions of brain.
Change cultural diversity , individual and social understanding
Not change understating of cultural difference since both study ping brain structure and function of individual in America. Changes understanding of individual diversity
Brain differences in typical people in areas of self control and can explain differences I response to range of tempting stimuli in environment
Comparison with classic study
Similar
Lab , demonstrate brain function of specific region in brain
Conducted ethically
Differences - cases brain of normal adults sorry in specific cases more generalisable
Longitudinal cases sorry snapshot
