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Intro to Biology for Vet Techs > Biological Hierarchy and the Scientific Method > Flashcards

Biological Hierarchy and the Scientific Method Flashcards

1
Q

the study of life, including the anatomy, physiology, and development of living organisms

A

Biology

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2
Q

a method of dividing and organizing living things based on emergent properties

A

Biological Hierarchy

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3
Q

What are the 13 Hierarchical Levels of Organization in Biology from smallest to largest?

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Cell Organelles
  4. Cell
  5. Tissue
  6. Organ
  7. Organ System
  8. Organism
  9. Population
  10. Biocenoses - aka communities
  11. Ecosystem
  12. Biome
  13. Biosphere
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4
Q

properties observed that aren’t present in the preceding level of the hierarchy and are caused by increasing complexity

A

Emergent Properties

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5
Q

created when a population interacts with other populations and plants

A

Ecosystem

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6
Q

The study of interactions of each part of the environment with the others as well as how a change in one part affects another

A

Systems Biology

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7
Q

the fundamental unit of any organism

A

Cells

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8
Q

consisting of only one cell

A

Unicellular

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9
Q

consisting of many cells

A

Multicellular

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10
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of living things?

A
  1. Cellular Composition
  2. Reproduction
  3. Response and Adaptation
  4. Metabolism
  5. Evolution
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11
Q

What are the 2 types of reproduction?

A
  1. Asexual
  2. Sexual Reproduction
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12
Q

Reproduction that only requires one parent

A

Asexual Reproduction

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13
Q

Reproduction that requires two parents

A

Sexual Reproduction

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14
Q

the stability of an organisms internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

the processing of food in order to create the energy used to drive the chemical reactions required to maintain life

A

Metabolism

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16
Q

What is the key part of homeostasis?

A

Maintaining the chemical reactions that the organism undergoes daily

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17
Q

random changes within DNA

A

Mutation

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18
Q

a systematic method of research that includes specific steps to test a hypothesis and solve a problem

A

Scientific Method

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19
Q

What are the 6 steps of the Scientific Method?

A
  1. Making Observations
  2. Asking Questions
  3. Formulating Hypotheses
  4. Developing Testable Predictions
  5. Designing an Experiment and Collecting Data
  6. Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions
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20
Q

something that describes a phenomenon

A

Observation

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21
Q

statement that uses previous experience or understanding

A

Inference

22
Q

Give an example that demonstrates the difference between an Observation and an Inference?

A

Observation - “the moon is red”

Inference - “the moon is red because it’s hot” > understanding that red objects are hot

23
Q

a factor, condition, or relationship that can be changed in an experiment and can influence the outcome of an experiment

A

Variable

23
Q

a group that continues under existing conditions

A

Control Group

24
Q

a group exposed to something that’s being tested in the experiment

A

Experimental Group

25
Q

the factors or conditions in the experiment that don’t change between the control and experimental groups

A

Controlled Variables

26
Q

a variable that is purposely changed in an experiment

A

Independent (Manipulated) Variable

27
Q

How many independent variables do you change at a time in an experiment?

A

One

28
Q

Which axis is the independent variable vs the dependent variable on in graphs?

A

Independent = X-axis
Dependent = Y-axis

29
Q

the result of the change in the experimental group due to the manipulated variable

A

Dependent (Responding) Variable

30
Q

a proposed explanation for a phenomenon or problem being studied

A

Hypothesis

31
Q

What are the 2 types of hypotheses?

A
  1. Null Hypothesis
  2. Alternative Hypotheses
32
Q

How is the Hypothesis written vs how is a Prediction written?

A

Hypothesis - written as a declarative sentence

Prediction - written as an if/then statement

33
Q

What are the 2 methods of reasoning?

A
  1. Deductive Reasoning
  2. Inductive Reasoning
34
Q

examines the big picture data (very general observations) and predicts a very specific answer

A

Deductive Reasoning

35
Q

takes a very specific observation and draws broader conclusions from it

A

Inductive Reasoning

36
Q

observations that are made or measured using numbers

A

Quantitative Data

37
Q

describes, approximates, and characterizes observations in (often) non-numerical ways

A

Qualitative Data

38
Q

the papers and journals that contain published experimental results

A

Scientific Journals (Primary Literature)

39
Q

the process of subjecting experiments and their results and conclusions to scrutiny by other scientists in the same field of study

A

Peer Review

40
Q

What is a key component of reliable, high-quality science?

A

Repeatedly achieving the same results

41
Q

the interpretation, simplification, and presented conclusions by science writers that is used to make science accessible to the general public

A

Secondary Literature

42
Q

sources that are a distillation of information and are a good place to find general information about a topic

A

Tertiary Literature

43
Q

What are 5 other places where scientific info is communicated?

A
  1. Textbooks
  2. Internet
  3. Videos
  4. Blogs
  5. Podcasts
44
Q

a thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for a set of observations or phenomena and is the foundation of scientific knowledge

A

Scientific Theory

45
Q

a socially learned behavior

A

Culture

46
Q

copying behaviors observed in others or acquiring behaviors through being taught be others

A

Social Learning

47
Q

Why do scientists share their findings?

A

So other researchers can:
1. expand
2. build upon
3. build support for
their discoveries

48
Q

Can theories be proven over time?

A

NO - common misconception is that “true” theories mature into facts

49
Q

describe how elements of nature will behave under certain specific conditions

A

Scientific Laws

50
Q

What is an example of a scientific law vs a scientific theory?

A

Scientific Law - The First Law of Thermodynamics

Scientific Theory - Dual Inheritance Thoery

Intro to Biology for Vet Techs (12 decks)

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