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Intro to Biology for Vet Techs > Biological Hierarchy and the Scientific Method > Flashcards

Biological Hierarchy and the Scientific Method Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of life, including the anatomy, physiology, and development of living organisms

A

Biology

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2
Q

a method of dividing and organizing living things based on emergent properties

A

Biological Hierarchy

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3
Q

What are the 13 Hierarchical Levels of Organization in Biology from smallest to largest?

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Cell Organelles
  4. Cell
  5. Tissue
  6. Organ
  7. Organ System
  8. Organism
  9. Population
  10. Biocenoses - aka communities
  11. Ecosystem
  12. Biome
  13. Biosphere
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4
Q

properties observed that aren’t present in the preceding level of the hierarchy and are caused by increasing complexity

A

Emergent Properties

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5
Q

created when a population interacts with other populations and plants

A

Ecosystem

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6
Q

The study of interactions of each part of the environment with the others as well as how a change in one part affects another

A

Systems Biology

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7
Q

the fundamental unit of any organism

A

Cells

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8
Q

consisting of only one cell

A

Unicellular

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9
Q

consisting of many cells

A

Multicellular

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10
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of living things?

A
  1. Cellular Composition
  2. Reproduction
  3. Response and Adaptation
  4. Metabolism
  5. Evolution
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11
Q

What are the 2 types of reproduction?

A
  1. Asexual
  2. Sexual Reproduction
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12
Q

Reproduction that only requires one parent

A

Asexual Reproduction

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13
Q

Reproduction that requires two parents

A

Sexual Reproduction

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14
Q

the stability of an organisms internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

the processing of food in order to create the energy used to drive the chemical reactions required to maintain life

A

Metabolism

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16
Q

What is the key part of homeostasis?

A

Maintaining the chemical reactions that the organism undergoes daily

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17
Q

random changes within DNA

A

Mutation

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18
Q

a systematic method of research that includes specific steps to test a hypothesis and solve a problem

A

Scientific Method

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19
Q

What are the 6 steps of the Scientific Method?

A
  1. Making Observations
  2. Asking Questions
  3. Formulating Hypotheses
  4. Developing Testable Predictions
  5. Designing an Experiment and Collecting Data
  6. Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions
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20
Q

something that describes a phenomenon

A

Observation

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21
Q

statement that uses previous experience or understanding

22
Q

Give an example that demonstrates the difference between an Observation and an Inference?

Study These Flashcards
A

Observation - “the moon is red”

Inference - “the moon is red because it’s hot” > understanding that red objects are hot

23
Q

a factor, condition, or relationship that can be changed in an experiment and can influence the outcome of an experiment

23
Q

a group that continues under existing conditions

Study These Flashcards
A

Control Group

24
a group exposed to something that's being tested in the experiment
Experimental Group
25
the factors or conditions in the experiment that don't change between the control and experimental groups
Controlled Variables
26
a variable that is purposely changed in an experiment
Independent (Manipulated) Variable
27
How many independent variables do you change at a time in an experiment?
One
28
Which axis is the independent variable vs the dependent variable on in graphs?
Independent = X-axis Dependent = Y-axis
29
the result of the change in the experimental group due to the manipulated variable
Dependent (Responding) Variable
30
a proposed explanation for a phenomenon or problem being studied
Hypothesis
31
What are the 2 types of hypotheses?
1. Null Hypothesis 2. Alternative Hypotheses
32
How is the Hypothesis written vs how is a Prediction written?
Hypothesis - written as a declarative sentence Prediction - written as an if/then statement
33
What are the 2 methods of reasoning?
1. Deductive Reasoning 2. Inductive Reasoning
34
examines the big picture data (very general observations) and predicts a very specific answer
Deductive Reasoning
35
takes a very specific observation and draws broader conclusions from it
Inductive Reasoning
36
observations that are made or measured using numbers
Quantitative Data
37
describes, approximates, and characterizes observations in (often) non-numerical ways
Qualitative Data
38
the papers and journals that contain published experimental results
Scientific Journals (Primary Literature)
39
the process of subjecting experiments and their results and conclusions to scrutiny by other scientists in the same field of study
Peer Review
40
What is a key component of reliable, high-quality science?
Repeatedly achieving the same results
41
the interpretation, simplification, and presented conclusions by science writers that is used to make science accessible to the general public
Secondary Literature
42
sources that are a distillation of information and are a good place to find general information about a topic
Tertiary Literature
43
What are 5 other places where scientific info is communicated?
1. Textbooks 2. Internet 3. Videos 4. Blogs 5. Podcasts
44
a thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for a set of observations or phenomena and is the foundation of scientific knowledge
Scientific Theory
45
a socially learned behavior
Culture
46
copying behaviors observed in others or acquiring behaviors through being taught be others
Social Learning
47
Why do scientists share their findings?
So other researchers can: 1. expand 2. build upon 3. build support for their discoveries
48
Can theories be proven over time?
NO - common misconception is that "true" theories mature into facts
49
describe how elements of nature will behave under certain specific conditions
Scientific Laws
50
What is an example of a scientific law vs a scientific theory?
Scientific Law - The First Law of Thermodynamics Scientific Theory - Dual Inheritance Thoery

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