Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Intro to Biology for Vet Techs > Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

used to view the types of cells present in a blood or urine sample

A

Light Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

used to explore internal structures within a cell

A

Electron Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a set of defining principles that describes the characteristics of cells

A

Cell Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 6 primary tenets of Modern Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living organisms are made of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of life
  3. All cells arise from preexisting cells
  4. Hereditary information is passed from cell to cell
  5. All cells have the same basic chemical composition
  6. Energy flow occurs within cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 components every eukaryotic cell shares at the very least?

A

Every cell:
1. has a plasma membrane
2. has cytosol, cytoplasm and organelles
3. contains chromosomes that carry genes in the form of DNA
4. contains ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a jelly-like fluid in which organelles are suspended

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the space within the cell that contains the cytosol

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

specialized cellular structures that have special functions within the cell

A

Orgnelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

use the amino acids floating around the cytosol to replicate the genetic code necessary for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 categories of cells?

A
  1. Prokaryotic
  2. Eukaryotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 major domains of Prokaryotes?

A
  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give 4 characteristics of Prokaryotes

A
  1. Unicellular
  2. Don’t have membrane bound organelles
  3. Have a nucleoid + a singular, circular chromosome
  4. 10 microns in size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the selectively permeable membrane composed of a phospholipid bilayer that controls the flow of molecules, ions and proteins into and out of the cell

A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hairlike appendages found on the cell surface that help bacteria adhere to extracellular surfaces

A

Pili (sg. Pilus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rigid layer of sugar-based molecules surrounding most prokaryotes that provide structural support and protection

A

Cell Wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a sugar-containing layer associated with the virulence of bacteria

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the irregularly shaped region that contains most of the cell’s genetic material and is not contained by a membrane

A

Nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a tail-like appendage that enables movement on many bacterial cells

A

Flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

prokaryotic organisms capable of thriving in very harsh environments

A

Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the most abundant prokaryotes

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give 3 examples of prokaryotic cells

A
  1. E-coli
  2. Streptococcus equi (Strangles)
  3. Archaea of Yellowstone Nat. Park
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bacterial prokaryote that causes urinary tract infections in small animals

A

Escherichia coli (E-Coli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bacterial prokaryote that causes respiratory infection in horses

A

Streptococcus equi (Strangles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

archaea that live in extremely hot geothermal geysers where no other type of life can survive

A

Archaea of Yellowstone National Park

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Give 4 characteristics of Eukaryotic cells
1. Multicellular 2. Have membrane bound organelles 3. Have a nucleus + multiple rod-shaped chromosomes 4. 100 microns in size
26
finger-like projections that increase the cell's surface area to prolong contact with fluids in order to absorb nutrients from food and blood
Microvilli
27
controls DNA transcription and synthesis + determining which proteins will be made
Nucleus
28
the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and offers an extra layer of protection from potentially harmful bacteria, enzymes, and pathogens
Nuclear Envelope
29
a semi-soft fluid that contains the nucleolus and chromatin and allows for the passage of RNA, ions, and molecules to and from the cytoplasm
Nucleoplasm
30
contain the hereditary information for cellular reproduction in Eukaryotes
Chromosomes and Chromatin
31
linear structures in eukaryotes that contain DNA / the # of them each organism has is a function of complexity
Chromosomes
32
smaller units of coiled DNA within the nucleus
Chromatin
33
smaller non-membrane bound region within the nucleus that produces ribosomes
Nucleolus
34
Give 4 examples of Eukaryotes
1. Plants 2. Animals 3. Protists 4. Fungi
35
What 2 things are Ribosomes composed of?
1. Proteins 2. rRNA
36
the cellular components within ribosomes that build proteins
rRNA
37
carries out cell tasks such as protein synthesis and detoxification of poisons
Endomembrane System
38
the transport of proteins, molecules and ions across membranes
Protein Synthesis
39
The Endomembrane System includes what 2 things?
1. Nuclear Envelope 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
40
a plasma membrane that folds in on itself within the cell and is composed of cisternae
Endoplasmic Reticulum
41
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum attached to?
The nucleus
42
sacs and tubules
cisternae
43
the internal parts of the cisternae that allow cellular products to move through it to other regions of the cell
Lumen
44
What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum?
1. Rough 2. Smooth
45
Responsible for producing proteins with ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
46
Responsible for synthesizing lipids and fats as well as detoxification of the cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
47
responsible for finishing the early protein and lipids products synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
48
tiny membrane-bound, bubble-like sacs used for transport
Vesicles
49
Once the Golgi Apparatus adds the finishing touches to early cellular products, what does it do?
Packages the finished product into vesicles and sends them to other regions of the cell
50
opening on one side of the Golgi Apparatus where the early cellular products are received
Cis Face
51
opening on the other side of the Golgi Apparatus where the finished proteins leave
Trans Face
52
What 7 things are Mitochondria composed of?
1. Outer and Inner Membranes 2. Intermembrane Space 3. Matrix 4. Cristae 5. Ribosomes 6. Mitochondrial DNA 7. ATP Synthase
53
Responsible for animal cellular energy production by generating adenosine triphosphate
Mitochondria
54
the folded layers of the mitochondria's inner membrane
Cristae
55
is an energy carrying molecule produced by cellular respiration in the mitochondria
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
56
the process of making ATP from oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients and also produces carbon dioxide as a water product
Cellular Respiration
57
Responsible for the autophagy of proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids and old organelles into products like amino acids and peptides
Lysosomes
58
the process of recycling the cell material
Autophagy
59
Responsible for the autophagy of lipids and fats and the removal of free radicals in the cytoplasm
Peroxisomes
60
organelle that can bond to other membranes and move cell material (ribosomes or amino acids) around the cell
Vesicles
61
organelles that do not bond with other membranes and store molecules for exocytosis and endocytosis
Vacuoles
62
being removed from a cell
Exocytosis
63
being brought into a cell
Endocytosis
64
Name 4 things plant cells have that animal cells do not
1. Large Vacuoles 2. Amyloplasts 3. Cell Wall 4. Chloroplasts
65
organelle within the cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain its shape, take up water, and provide storage for nutrients and waste products
Large Vacuoles
66
organelle that stores and synthesizes starch that's converted to glucose to be used for metabolic pathways and energy generation within the plant
Amyloplasts
67
outer shell of the cell that gives added stability and protection of the plant cell
Cell Wall
68
organelles in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
69
class of small organelles in the cytoplasm of plant cells containing pigment or food
Plastids
70
Give 3 examples of plastids
1. Chloroplasts 2. Amyloplasts 3. Chromoplasts
71
the process in which solar energy is converted into sugars
Photosynthesis
72
absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis and gives plants their green color
Chlorophyll
73
the fluid within a chloroplast but outside the grana that contains the ribosomes and chloroplast DNA
Stroma
74
a stack of thylakoids
Granum (pl. Grana)
75
each of a number of flattened sacs that is the site of photosynthesis and can be stacked
Thylakoid
76
the space between the thylakoid sacs
Thylakoid Space
77
the intracellular matrix of a chloroplast
Lamella
78
Where is Chloroplast DNA located?
Within the Stroma

Intro to Biology for Vet Techs (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions