biological molecules Flashcards
(21 cards)
what are the four types of molecules that living organisms have
. cabohydrates
. lipids
. proteins
. nicleic acids
what does each olecule contain (cab, lipids, protein, nucleic acid )
cab - carbon hydrogen and oxygen
lipids - carbon hydrogen and oxygen
protein - carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
nucleic acid - carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus
what are monomers
smaller units that combine to make a larger molecule
what is a polymer
large molecule made up of many monomers joined together
what is polymerisation
this is the act by which monomers join to form polymers
what is the monomer and polymer for cabohydrate
monosaccharides
polysaccharides
what is the monomer and polymer of proteins
amino acid
polypeptides
what is the monomer and polymer of proteins
amino acid
polypeptides
what is the monomer and polymer of nucleic acid
nucleotides
polynucleotides
what is condensation
Theremoval of water toform a chemical bondbetween two molecules.
what is hydrolysis
Theaddition of water to break a chemical bondbetween two molecules.
what is an ion
An atom with an electric charge.
what is an inorganic ion
An ion that does not contain carbon (with some exceptions).
what is an inorganic ion
An ion that does not contain carbon (with some exceptions).
what is a cation
Anion with a positive charge.
what is an anion
Anion with a negative charge
what makes water a dipolar molecule
water has both positive and negative poles,
what gives water some useful properties and why
The partiallypositive hydrogen end of one water molecule attracts towards the partiallynegative oxygen end of another molecule. This force of attraction is known as a hydrogen bond.
These hydrogen bonds form between many water molecules, causing them to stick together and giving water some of its useful properties.
what si the hydrogen bond
The partiallypositive hydrogen end of one water molecule attracts towards the partiallynegative oxygen end of another molecule. This force of attraction is known as a hydrogen bond.
what are the roles of water
Solvent
Temperature control
Cooling mechanism
Habitat
Metabolite
Transport
summarise water as a solvent and its usefulnesses
Most biological reactions take place in solution- e.g. in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Dissolved substances can be transported around the body- e.g. ions can be transported in the blood plasma
