Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Flashcards
(37 cards)
what are nucleotides
Nucleotidesare the building blocks of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Nucleotides are monomers and can join together to form dimers (dinucleotides) and polymers (polynucleotides or nucleic acids).
what are examples of nuclei acid
DNA AND RNA
what do nucleotides join together to form
dimers (dinucleotides) and polymers (polynucleotides or nucleic acids).
what are the components that nuclei acids are made from
A pentose sugar
A nitrogenous base
A phosphate group
what does pentose sugar nitrogenous base and phosphate group contain
A pentose sugar- Contains 5 carbon atoms.
A nitrogenous base- Contains carbon and nitrogen.
A phosphate group- Contains phosphate.
how does nucleoides form polynucleotides
Nucleotides are joined together via condensation reactions to form a polynucleotide.
how is a phosphodiester bond formed
The phosphate group of one nucleotide forms a covalent bond with the sugar of another
how is the sugar phosphate backbone formed
chain of phosphate and sugars
how can phosphodiester bonds be broken
hydrolysis reaction
what does DNA mean
deoxyribosenucleic acid
what is dna
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a type of nucleic acid that contains the instructions needed to make proteins.
what does the dna nucleotide contain
Deoxyribose- A pentose sugar.
A, T, G, or Cbase- Adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine.
A phosphate group
what is deoxyribose
pentose sugar
what does A,T,G,C mean
Adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine.
what are teh names of the scientist that worked the structure of dna
james watson
francis crick
rosalind franklin
what is the structure of dna
DNA is made up of two polynucleotide strands wound around each other to form a double helix.
what are the features of dna that allows dna to pass genetic info from one generation to another (6)
Sugar-phosphate backbone- This protects coding bases on the inside of the helix.
Double stranded- This allows strands to act as templates in DNA replication.
Large molecule- It stores lots of information.
Double helix- This makes the molecule compact.
Complementary base pairing- This allows accurate DNA replication.
Weak hydrogen bonds- This allows strands to separate in DNA replication.
what are the four nitrogenous bases found in dna
adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).
what are the categories that nitrogenous bases are found in and give the bases found in each stating which is larger and smaller
Purines- These are larger bases that contain two carbon ring structures (A and G).
Pyrimidines- These are smaller bases that contain one carbon ring structure (T and C).
explain complementary base pairing using atgc
Adenine pairs with thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds.
Cytosine pairs with guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds.
how does teh arrangement of pyrimidine and purine help maintain a constant distance between two sugar phosphate backbone
A smaller pyrimidine base always binds to a larger purine base.
what is rna and what does it stand for
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)is a type of nucleic acid thatuses information from DNA to synthesise proteins.
what are the components of rna
Ribose- A pentose sugar.
A, U, G, or C base- Adenine, uracil, guanine, or cytosine.
A phosphate group
what is ribose
its a pentose sugar
