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Biological Molecules Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

What are biological molecules?

A

Molecules produced by cells and living organisms.

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2
Q

What are the three main categories of biological molecules?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
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3
Q

What are organic molecules primarily composed of?

A

Carbon

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4
Q

From what are starch, cellulose, and glycogen made?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

Proteins are made from what smaller units?

A

Amino acids

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6
Q

What are lipids made from?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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7
Q

DNA is made from what units?

A

Nucleotides

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8
Q

What chemical elements are found in carbohydrates?

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
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9
Q

What chemical elements are found in lipids?

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
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10
Q

What chemical elements are found in proteins?

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Sulphur
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11
Q

What chemical elements are found in DNA?

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorus
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12
Q

What are carbohydrates mainly composed of?

A

Long chains of simple sugars

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13
Q

What is one function of carbohydrates?

A

Provide energy

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14
Q

What is cellulose’s role in cells?

A

Structural material providing support

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15
Q

Name two storage substances for carbohydrates.

A
  • Starch in plants
  • Glycogen in man
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16
Q

What is the basic unit of most fats?

A

1 glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acid chains

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17
Q

What are the two categories of lipids based on physical state?

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A
  • Fats (solids at room temperature)
  • Oils (liquids at room temperature)
18
Q

True or False: Lipids produce more energy than carbohydrates.

19
Q

What are common sources of fats from animal origin?

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A
  • Butter
  • Fatty meat
  • Eggs
  • Milk
  • Cheese
20
Q

What are common sources of fats from plant origin?

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A
  • Margarine
  • Nuts
  • Vegetable oils (e.g., olive oil)
21
Q

What are the functions of fats?

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A
  • Source and store of energy
  • Insulating material
  • Essential part of cell membranes
22
Q

What are proteins made from?

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A

Long chains of amino acids

23
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

24
Q

What is formed when amino acids are joined together?

25
What happens to the structure of a protein when amino acids are arranged differently?
Results in different proteins
26
What is the consequence of a protein deficiency in the diet?
Kwashiorkor
27
What is the test for glucose called?
Benedict’s test
28
What color change indicates a positive Benedict’s test?
From blue to green to yellow to orange to brick red
29
What is the test for starch called?
Iodine test
30
What color indicates the presence of starch in the iodine test?
Blue-black
31
What is the test for proteins called?
Biuret test
32
What color change indicates a positive Biuret test?
From blue to violet/purple
33
What is the test for fats called?
Emulsion test
34
What observation indicates a positive emulsion test?
Cloudy white emulsion obtained on adding water
35
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
36
What structure does DNA form?
Double helix
37
What are the individual units of DNA called?
Nucleotides
38
What are the four different bases in DNA?
* Adenine (A) * Cytosine (C) * Thymine (T) * Guanine (G)
39
Which bases pair together in DNA?
* Adenine with Thymine (A-T) * Cytosine with Guanine (C-G)
40
What holds the two strands of DNA together?
Base pairing
41
What does the sequence of bases in DNA code for?
Formation of proteins

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