Transport In Human Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the circulatory system?
A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.
How many chambers does a mammalian heart have?
Four chambers.
What are the two types of circulation in mammals?
Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
What type of blood does the right side of the heart receive?
Deoxygenated blood.
What type of blood does the left side of the heart pump?
Oxygenated blood.
What are the three main parts of the circulatory system?
- Blood
- Blood vessels
- Heart
What are the components of blood?
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Plasma
What is plasma?
A pale yellow liquid consisting of water and dissolved substances.
What is the function of red blood cells?
Transports oxygen around the body as oxyhaemoglobin.
What are the two types of white blood cells?
- Phagocytes
- Lymphocytes
What do platelets do?
Help blood to clot at a wound to prevent bleeding.
What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
Transfer substances between blood, tissue fluid, and body cells.
What is the structure of arteries?
- Thick muscular walls
- Narrow lumen
- No valves
- Pulse present
What are the characteristics of veins?
- Thin walls
- Large lumen
- Contain valves
- No pulse
What is the role of capillaries?
Carry blood at low pressure and have walls that are one cell thick.
What is the vena cava?
A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from all body parts back to the heart.
What does the aorta do?
Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to all body parts.
What separates the two sides of the heart?
The septum.
What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?
Separate the atria from the ventricles.
What is the pathway of blood through the heart starting from the body?
Deoxygenated blood → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs.
How does exercise affect heart rate?
Heart rate increases to supply more oxygen and nutrients to working muscles.
What is coronary heart disease?
A condition caused by the blockage of coronary arteries, leading to restricted blood flow to the heart muscle.
What are some risk factors for coronary heart disease?
- Smoking
- High animal fat diet
- Lack of exercise
What is angioplasty?
A surgical procedure to clear a blocked vessel by inflating a balloon and inserting a stent.
