Respiration Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is respiration?
A chemical process in all living cells that involves the breakdown of glucose to release energy.
Respiration can occur aerobically or anaerobically.
List the uses of energy in the human body.
- Muscle contraction
- Protein synthesis
- Cell division
- Growth
- Active transport
- Passage of nerve impulses
- Maintenance of a constant body temperature
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy per glucose molecule, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy.
Anaerobic respiration produces different products based on the organism.
What is aerobic respiration?
The complete breakdown of glucose to release a large amount of energy in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water.
Most reactions occur in the mitochondria.
Write the equation for aerobic respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
How can we investigate aerobic respiration in living organisms?
By measuring the amount of oxygen taken from the air, using an enclosed tube with organisms and measuring the change in volume.
Carbon dioxide must be removed to ensure accurate results.
What is a respirometer?
An apparatus used to measure the rate of respiration by observing the movement of colored liquid in a tube.
How do you calculate the volume of oxygen taken in by an insect?
Use the formula πr² x distance moved by liquid, where r is the radius of the hole of the pipette.
What is anaerobic respiration?
The incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen, producing a small amount of energy.
It results in different products depending on the organism.
Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast.
GLUCOSE → CARBON DIOXIDE + ETHANOL + SMALL AMOUNT OF ENERGY
What products are formed during anaerobic respiration in animals?
GLUCOSE → LACTIC ACID + SMALL AMOUNT OF ENERGY
What causes muscle tiredness and cramp during vigorous exercise?
Accumulation of lactic acid in muscle cells.
What is oxygen debt?
The condition where lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, requiring oxygen for its removal and oxidation.
What happens to lactic acid after exercise?
It is excreted into the blood and taken up by the liver where it is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water.
What is the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration in yeast?
The rate of respiration increases with temperature until enzymes begin to denature, typically above 40℃.
How should you prepare a yeast suspension for an experiment?
Use 100g of dried yeast overnight in 1 dm³ of 5% glucose solution.
What is measured to assess the rate of respiration in yeast during an experiment?
The number of carbon dioxide bubbles produced over a minute.
