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Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are gametes?

A

Specialized sex cells produced in the reproductive system.

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2
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The single cell formed from the fusion of sperm and egg.

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3
Q

What organ produces sperm in males?

A

Testis.

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4
Q

How many testes are there in the male reproductive system?

A

Two.

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5
Q

What hormone is secreted by the testes?

A

Testosterone.

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6
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

Encloses the testes and provides a cooler environment for sperm development.

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7
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A long coiled tube that stores and matures sperm.

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8
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens?

A

Carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

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9
Q

What do seminal vesicles secrete?

A

Seminal fluid containing fructose for sperm energy.

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10
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A

A fluid that nourishes and activates sperm.

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11
Q

What is semen?

A

The combination of sperm and seminal fluid.

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12
Q

What is the function of the urethra in males?

A

Serves as a common pathway for urine and seminal fluid.

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13
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

The process of sperm production in the seminiferous tubules.

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14
Q

What hormone controls sperm production?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

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15
Q

What is the structure of a sperm cell?

A

Consists of a head, mid-piece, and tail.

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16
Q

What is the function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

A

Produce eggs and female sex hormones.

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17
Q

What is ovulation?

A

The release of an egg from an ovary.

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18
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tube?

A

Connects the ovary to the uterus and is the site of fertilization.

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19
Q

What is the uterus also known as?

A

Womb.

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20
Q

What is the role of the cervix?

A

Dilates during delivery and connects the uterus to the vagina.

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21
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

The process of egg production in females.

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22
Q

How often does an ovary release an ovum?

A

Every 28 days.

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23
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics in males?

A

Increased height, broadening shoulders, hair growth, voice deepening, muscle development.

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24
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics in females?

A

Growth of body hair, breast enlargement, widening hips.

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25
What is menstruation?
The monthly discharge of blood from the uterus.
26
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
Menstruation, repair, thickening, and preparation for implantation.
27
What hormone initiates the repair of the uterine lining after menstruation?
Oestrogen.
28
What triggers ovulation?
Luteinising Hormone (LH).
29
What happens during fertilization?
The fusion of sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote.
30
Where does fertilization occur?
In the fallopian tube.
31
What is implantation?
The attachment of the embryo to the uterine wall.
32
What is the function of the placenta?
Provides nutrition to the embryo and allows waste exchange.
33
What is the role of amniotic fluid?
Cushions the fetus and reduces friction during birth.
34
What does the umbilical cord connect?
The fetus to the placenta.
35
What hormone maintains the uterine lining during pregnancy?
Progesterone.
36
What are the benefits of breast-feeding?
Provides antibodies, necessary nutrients, and promotes emotional bonding.
37
What is menopause?
The stage when menstrual cycles stop, typically around age 45-55.
38
What hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to induce uterine contraction during birth?
Oxytocin
39
What hormone stimulates the production of milk?
Prolactin
40
What is one advantage of breast-feeding related to disease protection?
Mother's milk supplies antibodies that protect the baby against certain diseases
41
What nutrients does mother's milk provide for healthy growth and development?
All necessary nutrients
42
How does breast-feeding affect the emotional development of the baby?
It develops a sense of closeness between the mother and the baby
43
What is a key hygienic advantage of mother's milk?
It is free from bacteria
44
Why is mother's milk easier for the baby to digest compared to cow's milk?
It is easier for the baby to digest
45
What is the likelihood of the baby developing allergies to mother's milk?
Less likely to develop allergy
46
List three benefits of breast-feeding.
* Supplies antibodies * Contains all necessary nutrients * Develops emotional closeness
47
What dietary component is essential for the development of bones and cartilage during pregnancy?
Calcium and phosphates
48
What is needed for the formation of red blood cells during pregnancy?
Iron
49
What is the role of proteins in the diet of a pregnant woman?
Formation of new cells and tissues
50
What are the main methods of birth control?
* Natural or rhythm method * Mechanical or barrier methods * Chemical methods * Surgical methods
51
What does contraception prevent?
Pregnancy
52
What is the natural or rhythm method of birth control?
Avoiding sexual intercourse during the fertile period of the menstrual cycle
53
True or False: The natural or rhythm method is highly reliable.
False
54
What is the function of mechanical or barrier methods of birth control?
Prevent sperms from meeting the ovum and prevent infections
55
What is a condom?
A thin, strong rubber or latex sheath inserted over the erect penis
56
What does a diaphragm or cap do?
Covers the cervix to prevent sperms from passing into the uterus
57
What is an intra-uterine device (IUD)?
A plastic coil fitted into the uterus to prevent implantation
58
What are spermicides used for?
To kill sperms inside the vagina
59
What is the purpose of contraceptive pills?
To inhibit ovulation and affect uterine lining development
60
What hormones do contraceptive pills contain?
Similar to oestrogen and progesterone
61
What is vasectomy?
Cutting and tying the sperm ducts
62
What is tubal ligation?
Cutting and tying the oviducts
63
What is the reliability of surgical methods of birth control?
100% reliable but irreversible

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