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Biology R > Biological Molecules : Digestion > Flashcards

Biological Molecules : Digestion Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : salivary amylase (substrate)

A

Starch

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2
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : salivary amylase (product)

A

Maltose

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3
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : salivary amylase (how’s it made)

A

Salivary gland

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4
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : salivary amylase (acts?)

A

Mouth

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5
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : salivary amylase (breaks which bond)

A

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic

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6
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : pancreatic amylase (substrate)

A

Starch

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7
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : pancreatic amylase (product)

A

Maltose

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8
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : pancreatic amylase (made?)

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : pancreatic amylase (acts?)

A

Ileum

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10
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : pancreatic amylase (break bond)

A

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds

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11
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : maltase (substrate)

A

Maltose

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12
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : maltase (product)

A

Alpha glucose x2

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13
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : maltase (made?)

A

Lining of ileum

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14
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : maltase (acts?)

A

I’m ileum

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15
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : maltase (breaks bond)

A

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond

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16
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : lactase (substrate)

A

Lactose

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17
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : lactase (product)

A

Alpha glucose + galactose

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18
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : lactase (made)

A

Lining of ileum

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19
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : lactase (acts)

A

Ileum

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20
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : sucrase (substrate)

A

Sucrose

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21
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : sucrase (product)

A

Alpha glucose + fructose

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22
Q

Carbohydrate digestion : sucrase (Made?)

A

Lining of ileum

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23
Q

What is digestion ?

A

Hydrolysis of large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble food molecules

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24
Q

What are the 3 membrane bound disaccharidases

A
  • Maltase
  • lactase
  • sucrase
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25
Chemical digestion: how is chemical digestion carried out ?
Carried out by enzymes via hydrolysis
26
Chemical digestion: What is hydrolysis
Splitting of molecules by adding water to chemical bonds
27
Carbohydrates hydrolyse ...
Carbohydrates to monosaharides
28
Lipases hydrolyse ....
Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
29
Pro teases hydrolyse ...
Proteins into amino acids
30
Lipid digestion : What happens prior to enzyme action ?
Process called emulsification
31
Lipid digestion : What does emulsification do ?
- Increases s.a of lipids so action of lipases is sped up | - faster hydrolysis for Ester bonds
32
Lipid digestion : What are lipids split into ?
Micelles by bile salts in liver
33
Lipid digestion : lipase (substrate)
Triglycerides
34
Lipid digestion : lipase (Product)
Monogyleceride + 2 fatty acids
35
Lipid digestion : lipase (Made?)
- pancreas | - lining of ileum
36
Lipid digestion : lipase (Acts?)
Ileum
37
Lipid digestion : lipase (Bond broken)
Ester bond
38
Protein digestion : What group are proteins hydrolysed by ?
Group of enzymes called peptidases
39
Protein digestion : 3 different peptidases
- endopeptidases - exopeptidases - dipeptidases
40
Protein digestion : Endopeptidase (substrate)
Polypeptides
41
Protein digestion : Endopeptidase (Product)
Smaller peptides
42
Protein digestion : Endopeptidase (Made?)
- stomach | - pancreas
43
Protein digestion : Endopeptidase (Acts?)
-stomach | Ileum
44
Protein digestion : Endopeptidase (Bond broken)
Peptide bond
45
Protein digestion : Exopeptidase (substrate)
- smaller peptides | - polypeptides
46
Protein digestion : Exopeptidase (Product)
- amino acids | - dipeptides
47
Protein digestion : Exopeptidase (Acts)
- stomach | - ileum
48
Protein digestion : Exopeptidase (Made)
- stomach | - pancreas
49
Protein digestion : Exopeptidase (Bond broken)
- peptide bond
50
Protein digestion : dipeptidase (substrate)
Dipeptide
51
Protein digestion : dipeptidase (Product)
Amino acids
52
Protein digestion : dipeptidase (Made?)
Lining of ileum
53
Protein digestion : dipeptidase (Acts?)
Ileum
54
Protein digestion : dipeptidase (Bond broken)
Peptide bond
55
Adaptations of ileum : Inner wall folded into villi
increases s.a for absorption
56
Adaptations of ileum : One cell thick
Decreases diffusion distance
57
Adaptations of ileum : Many capillaries
Maintains diffusion gradient
58
Adaptations of ileum : Epithelial cells have microvilli
Increases s.a for absorption
59
Adaptations of ileum : what are microvilli
Folds within their membrane
60
Adaptations of ileum : Epithelial cells have lots of mitochondria
Increase active transport
61
Absorption of glucose / amino acids : step 1
Step 1 = sodium ions are actively transported from the epithelial cell into blood by carrier proteins
62
Absorption of glucose / amino acids : step 2
Lowers the concentration of sodium in cell relative to blood and lumen
63
Absorption of glucose / amino acids : step 3 + 4
- Sodium enters epithelial cell via a carrier proteins with a glucose molecule via facilitated diffusion - glucose enters blood via f.d
64
Absorption of glucose / amino acids : step 5
Sodium travels down a concentration gradient whereas glucose travels up
65
Absorption of lipids : fat digestion order
1. triglycerides 2. smaller droplets of triglycerides 3. monoglycerides + 2 fatty acids 4. micells
66
Absorption of lipids:when the Micelle breaks down at the epithelial cell , what is released ?
Monoglycerides and fatty acids
67
Absorption of lipids: why do monoglycerides and fatty acids diffuse
Noon-polar molecules
68
Absorption of lipids: Why do the micelles need to be digested before entering cell?
So they can diffuse through cell
69
Absorption of lipids: Once inside the cell where are mg and f.a transported
- endoplasmic reticulum where they reform into triglyceride
70
Absorption of lipids: After e.r ?
Transported to Golgi apparatus = associate with cholesterol and lipoproteins to produce chylomicrons
71
Absorption of lipids: What are chylomicrons ?
Special particles adapted for the transport of lipids
72
Absorption of lipids: How do chylomicrons move out of cell ?
Exocytosis
73
Absorption of lipids: After exocytosis where do chylomicrons enter ?
Capillaries called lacteals at centre of each villus

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