Biology 14-15

Question 1

Describe a drug

Answer 1

Any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

Describe the use of antibiotics

Answer 2

Treatment of bacterial infections

Question 3

What reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics

Answer 3

Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics

Question 4

What does antibiotics kill

Answer 4

Antibiotics kill bacteria but do not affect viruses

Question 5

Describe asexual reproduction

Answer 5

Process resulting in the production of genetically
identical offspring from one parent

Question 6

State the type of offspring of asexual reproduction

Answer 6

Identical offspring from one parent

Question 7

Describe sexual reproduction

Answer 7

Process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two
gametes to form a zygote

Question 8

State the type of offspring of sexual reproduction

Answer 8

Offspring is genetically different from each other

Question 9

Describe a species

Answer 9

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 10

State the parts of an insect-pollinated flower (10)

Answer 10

Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Filaments
Anthers
Carpels
Style
Stigma
Ovary
Ovules

Question 11

Function of the sepals

Answer 11

Protects the flower while in bud

Question 12

Function of petals

Answer 12

Often large and coloured, to attract insects

Question 13

Function of stamens

Answer 13

The male reproductive part of the flower, made up of anther and filament

Question 14

Function of anthers

Answer 14

Contains pollen sacs, in which pollen grains are formed . Pollen contains male sex cells

Question 14

Function of filaments

Answer 14

Support the anther

Question 15

Function of carpels

Answer 15

The female reproductive part of the flower, made up of stigma, style and ovary

Question 16

Function of style

Answer 16

Links the stigma to the ovary, through which pollen tubes grow

Question 17

Function of stigma

Answer 17

A sticky surface to the ovary, through which pollen tubes grow

Question 18

Funtion of ovary

Answer 18

Contains ovules, which develop into seeds when fertilised

Question 19

Describe pollination

Answer 19

The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

Question 20

When fertilisation occurs

Answer 20

When a pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in an ovule

Question 21

Describe the environmental conditions that affect germination of seeds (3)

Answer 21

Water
Oxygen
Suitable temperature

Question 22

State the parts of the male reproductive system (6)

Answer 22

Testes
Scrotum
Sperm ducts
Prostate gland
Urethra
Penis

Question 23

State the function of the testes

Answer 23

Production of sperm

Question 24

State the function of the scrotum

Answer 24

Sac that holds the testes outside the body

Question 25

State the function of the sperm ducts

Answer 25

Transfer sperm to the urethra

Question 26

State the function of the prostate gland

Answer 26

Secrete fluids for sperm to swim in forming semen

Question 27

State the function of the urethra

Answer 27

Carries urine and semen out of the body

Question 27

State the function of the penis

Answer 27

Transfers semen to vagina during sexual intercourse

Question 27

State the parts of the female reproductive system (5)

Answer 27

Ovaries Oviducts Uterus Cervix Vagina

Question 27

State the function of the ovaries

Answer 27

Release eggs

Question 28

State the function of the oviducts

Answer 28

Transfers egg to uterus and the site of fertilisation

Question 29

State the function of the uterus

Answer 29

Where the fetus develops

Question 30

State the function of the cervix

Answer 30

Ring of muscle at the opening of the uterus

Question 31

State the function of the vagina

Answer 31

Receives penis during sexual intercourse

Question 32

Describe fertilisation

Answer 32

The fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete and a female gamete

Question 33

Describe the role of testosterone in the development and regulation of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty (3/6)

Answer 33

Larynx increase in size, develop. voice Increase skeletal muscle development Growth of pubic hair including facial hair Further development of testes, penis, scrotum etc Continous production of sperm Changes in behaviour

Question 34

Describe the role of oestrogen in the development and regulation of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty (3/6)

Answer 34

Development of breasts Widening of pelvis Growth of pubic hair Monthly ovulation and menstruation Changes in behaviour Deposition of fat under skin of buttocks and thighs

Question 35

Describe the menstrual cycle

Answer 35

Changes in the ovaries and in the lining of the uterus

Question 36

Describe a sexually transmitted infection (STI)

Answer 36

Infection that is transmitted through sexual contact

Question 37

Define the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 37

A pathogen that causes an STI

Question 38

HIV infection may lead to ...

Answer 38

AIDS

Question 39

Describe the methods of transmission of HIV (3/5)

Answer 39

Use of non-sterile syringes and tools 10% Pregnancy breastfeeding 10% Blood transfusion 5% Organ transplant 5% Unprotected sex 80%

Question 40

How the spread of STIs is controlled (4)

Answer 40

Limit partners Get tested Talk to partners Avoid drugs/alcohol Educate yourself