Biology Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 1

Magnification=Image size/Actual size

Question 2

Define magnification.

Answer 2

how many times larger an image is than the actual object.

Question 3

Define resolution.

Answer 3

The ability to distinguish between two separate objects.

Question 4

What are some advantages and disadvantages about light microscopes?

Answer 4

Cheaper
Portable
Lower magnification
Lower resolution
Coloured
Views living things

Question 5

What are some advantages and disadvantages about electron microscopes?

Answer 5

More expensive
Not portable
Higher magnification
Higher resolution
Black and white
Cannot view living things

Question 6

What are the features of an animal cell?

Answer 6

Nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes.

Question 7

What are the features of a plant cell?

Answer 7

Nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts.

Question 8

What is the purpose of the nucleus?

Answer 8

Controls cell activities. Stores DNA in chromosomes.

Question 9

What is the purpose of the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Where chemical reactions happen.

Question 10

What is the purpose of mitochondria?

Answer 10

Does aerobic respiration, providing energy.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Answer 11

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Question 12

What is the purpose of ribosomes?

Answer 12

Creates proteins.

Question 13

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

Answer 13

Structure and support.

Question 14

What is the purpose of the vacuole?

Answer 14

Contains cell sap and keeps the cell rigid.

Question 15

What is the purpose of chloroplasts?

Answer 15

Have chlorophyll to absorb light energy and perform photosynthesis.

Question 16

What are the features of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 16

Nucleoid, plasmid DNA, cell membrane, cell wall, capsule, flagella.

Question 17

What is the purpose of the nucleoid?

Answer 17

Contains most of the genetic information.

Question 18

What is the purpose of plasmid DNA?

Answer 18

Small, circular pieces of DNA.

Question 19

What is the purpose of flagella?

Answer 19

Rotate and move in a whip like motion to help the bacterium move.

Question 20

What is a stem cell?

Answer 20

An undifferentiated cell, with the ability to differentiate into specialised cells.

Question 21

What does multipotent mean?

Answer 21

a stem cell that can differentiate into some body cells (bone marrow).

Question 22

What does pluripotent mean?

Answer 22

a stem cell that can differentiate into most body cells (embryonic).

Question 23

What does totipotent mean?

Answer 23

a stem cell that can differentiate into all body cells (embryonic).

Question 24

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using bone marrow stem cells to treat illnesses?

Answer 24

Can treat previously untreatable genetic disorders.
Completely ethical and is safe.
Very painful, even with a painkiller it will hurt afterwards.
Multipotent- Not as effective as using embryonic stem cells.

Question 25

What are the advantages and disadvantage of using embryonic stem cells to treat illnesses?

Answer 25

Can treat previously untreatable genetic disorders. Totipotent- More effective than using bone marrow stem cells. Embryos can't give consent and harvesting them is considered unethical by many. Not well researched and has low success rates.

Question 26

Why do cells divide?

Answer 26

Growth and repair.

Question 27

State and describe the 3 stages of the cell cycle.

Answer 27

Interphase – DNA and organelles duplicate Mitosis – nucleus divides Cytokinesis – cell membrane and cytoplasm divide

Question 28

State and describe the 4 stages of mitosis.

Answer 28

Prophase- Spindle fibres develop. Metaphase- Spindle fibres line the chromosomes up at the equator. Anaphase- Duplicate chromosomes pulled apart from each other. Telophase- Chromosomes are pulled to the poles of the cell and nucleus reforms.