Biology Chapter 4

Question 1

Climate versus Weather

Answer 1

Climate is average yearly, weather is day to day

Question 2

What causes changes in climate

Answer 2

The greenhouse effect, latitude, and winds

Question 3

The Greenhouse Effect

Answer 3

A NATURAL phenomenon where gases trap heat inside the biosphere

Question 4

How does the greenhouse effect change climate

Answer 4

The greenhouse effect raises the overall temperature of the earth, in some cases it just keeps it warm and in others it makes the earth hotter.

Question 5

How does Latitude cause different climates

Answer 5

Depending on the latitude an area will get more or less direct sunlight.

Question 6

Tropical Rainforest

Answer 6

Tropical, rainy, coniferous (evergreen) trees
-larger mammals, extremely biodiverse

Question 7

Tropical Dry Forest

Answer 7

Tropical, dry, Broad leaf deciduous trees, mild seasons, hot summers

Question 8

Tropical Savanna

Answer 8

Tropical, Dry, hot, lots of tall grasses and open fields

Question 9

Desert

Answer 9

Temperate, dry, empty, cacti, reptiles and birds

Question 10

Temperate Grassland

Answer 10

Temperate, grassy, heavy season changes, rich soil, smaller mammals

Question 11

Temperate Woodland (Chaparral)

Answer 11

Temperate, short trees, deciduous, periodic fires, extreme seasons

Question 12

Temperate forest

Answer 12

Temperate, tall trees, short seasons, coniferous forest, rich forest

Question 13

Northwestern Coniferous forest

Answer 13

Temperate, cold, rainy, large forests, acidic soils, coniferous trees.

Question 14

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

Answer 14

Temperate, cold, bad soil, northern hemisphere, needle leaf coniferous

Question 15

Tundra

Answer 15

Temperate/polar, permafrost, small stunted plants, few animals, long winters

Question 16

What Shapes and Ecosystem?

Answer 16

Abiotic/biotic factors, Niche, interactions, succession

Question 17

Abiotic versus biotic factors

Answer 17

trees/animals/plants versus weather/rocks/air/sun

-these physically shape the ecosystem

Question 18

Niche

Answer 18

An organisms role
-place in food web, trophic level, habitat, forms of symbiosis, etc.

Question 19

realized niche versus fundamental niche

Answer 19

Fundamental is anywhere an organism or species could be, a realized niche is what it actually does in a day, where it lives, the specific organisms it eats.

Question 20

Community interactions

Answer 20

Competition, predation, symbiosis

Question 21

Competition

Answer 21

Two or more species or organisms competing for the same resource

Question 22

Predation

Answer 22

A relationship where one organism captures and consumes another

Question 23

Symbiosis

Answer 23

When two organisms are in a close long term relationship usually benefiting one.

Question 24

What are the different forms of Symbiosis?

Answer 24

Mutualism- win win
Commensalism- win ok
Parasitism- win loose

Question 25

Ecological Succession

Answer 25

A pattern of change in an ecosystem, generally an ecosystem moving in to an open space

Question 26

Primary versus secondary succession

Answer 26

Primary successions have pioneer species that move into an area after an event like volcanic activity where new land is uncovered. Secondary succession occurs in an area that previously had an ecosystem on it.

Question 27

Which type of succession takes the longest?

Answer 27

Primary succession

Question 28

What are the three main Aquatic Biomes

Answer 28

Freshwater, Estuaries, and salt water

Question 29

What are three types of freshwater biomes

Answer 29

-flowing water (rivers) -standing water (lakes) -wetlands (marshes, bogs, swamps)

Question 30

Plankton

Answer 30

Tiny organisms free floating through water, zooplankton eat phytoplankton

Question 31

What causes differences is Aquatic Ecosystems?

Answer 31

depth, flow, and temperature

Question 32

What is an Estuary

Answer 32

an area where salt water meets fresh water

Question 33

Salt marsh versus Mangrove Swamp

Answer 33

Salt marshes have more grasses, while mangrove swamps have trees

Question 34

What are the different zones in an ocean

Answer 34

-Photic and Aphotic -inter tidal, coastal ocean, open ocean, deep ocean

Question 35

Intertidal zone

Answer 35

area between low tide and high tide, constantly changing, very biodiverse

Question 36

Coastal Ocean

Answer 36

The most bio diverse marine ecosystem, from low tide to the continental shelf, in the photic zone

Question 37

Open ocean

Answer 37

Completely empty, continental shelf to 11,000 m deep

Question 38

Deep ocean

Answer 38

Deepest part of the ocean

Question 39

Benthic zone

Answer 39

Ocean floor, has benthos and dead matter