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KAMSC STUDY > Biology Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Atom

A

The smallest known unit of measurement, it cannot be made or destroyed

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2
Q

What does an atom contain?

A

A nucleus with neutrons and protons, and electrons circling around.

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3
Q

proton versus electron

A

protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged

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4
Q

What is an Element

A

a pure substance made up of only one type of atom

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5
Q

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

A

92

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6
Q

atomic number

A

how many protons there are in the atom, this is shown in the top left corner of the element in the periodic table.

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7
Q

atomic mass

A

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

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8
Q

What is a chemical compound

A

substance made of two or more atoms from elements

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9
Q

What are the types chemical bonds

A

covalent, ionic, and hydrogen

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10
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

a bond made by sharing electrons

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11
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

a bond made by transferring electrons

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12
Q

What is a hydrogen bond

A

a bond made between polar molecules, one is positively charged and one is negatively charged so they attract

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13
Q

polar versus non-polar molecules

A

polar molecules have an unequal distribution of electrons and therefore have a different charge in different parts

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14
Q

compound versus molecule

A

a compound is the JOINING of the atoms in elements, a molecule is a group of atoms held together by a covalent bond

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15
Q

van der wals forces

A

Weak attractions when molecules are close together

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16
Q

What are two unique properties of water?

A

Storage of energy (moderates earths temp.)
Cohesion and Adhesion (water attracts to both itself an d other substances

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17
Q

cohesion versus Adhesion

A

Cohesion is the attraction of a molecule to itself, adhesion is the opposite

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18
Q

Solution versus Mixture

A

A solution occurs when molecules are equally distributed with one another

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19
Q

solute versus Solvent

A

The solute is dissolved in the solvent

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20
Q

Why is water a nearly universal solvent?

A

Because of its polarity it can easily break apart any polar molecules

21
Q

What happens when water bonds break

A

Occasionally hydroxide (OH-) or hydrogen (H+) ions are formed

22
Q

Acid versus Base

A

An acid has an increased number of H+ ions, a base has an increased number of OH- ions.

23
Q

What does pH stand for

A

Power of Hydrogen

24
Q

What is a buffer and what is it used for

A

weak acids/bases that prevent sudden changes in pH

25
Q

What are Organic Compounds

A

Carbon based compounds found in any living thing

26
Q

What are Monomers and Polymers?

A

Monomers are the building blocks of polymers (it is a general term)

27
Q

Which of the 5 key classes of organic compounds are not polymers?

A

lipids

28
Q

lipids

A

a fatty organic compound that is non polar and doesn’t dissolve in water

29
Q

unsaturated versus saturated fats

A

unsaturated fats have a double carbon bond and there for have a break in the chain, this causes them to be more liquid.

30
Q

carbohydrates

A

organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1

31
Q

what are monosaccharides?

A

The single sugar building blocks of carbohydrates, there are also disaccharides, and polysaccharides

32
Q

what are some carbohydrate molecules that store energy?

A

starches (plants)
glycogen (animals)

33
Q

what are some carbohydrate structural molecule?

A

cellulose (plant)
chitin (animals)

34
Q

protiens

A

large polar molecules made up of amino acids

35
Q

what codes for protiens?

A

DNA

36
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

DNA/RNA, chain of smaller molecules called nucleotide

37
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A

a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group

38
Q

What is Energy

A

The ability to move or change matter

39
Q

How is energy affected by chemical reactions?

A

It is either stored or released

40
Q

endergonic versus exergonic reactions

A

endergonic reactions happens when energy is absorbed, exergonic is when energy is released

41
Q

How does a catalyst help a chemical reaction

A

It lowers the activation energy needed, one type is an enzyme used in biochemical reactions

42
Q

what is a biochemical reaction

A

one that happens in a cell

43
Q

What factors affect enzymes?

A

pH and temperature
(in some cases increased temperature makes the reaction even faster but to much heat causes the enzyme to die)

44
Q

where does the substrate go to become a product

A

The active site

45
Q

How do you test for starches?

A

iodine- dark blue

46
Q

How do you test for protiens?

A

Biuret- purple

47
Q

How do you test for lipids?

A

Sudan 3- hot pink layer

48
Q

How do you test for nucleic acids?

A

diphenylamine- blue/purple/green

KAMSC STUDY (7 decks)

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