Biology Chapter 2

Question 1

What is an Atom

Answer 1

The smallest known unit of measurement, it cannot be made or destroyed

Question 2

What does an atom contain?

Answer 2

A nucleus with neutrons and protons, and electrons circling around.

Question 3

proton versus electron

Answer 3

protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged

Question 4

What is an Element

Answer 4

a pure substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 5

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

Answer 5

92

Question 6

atomic number

Answer 6

how many protons there are in the atom, this is shown in the top left corner of the element in the periodic table.

Question 7

atomic mass

Answer 7

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Question 8

What is a chemical compound

Answer 8

substance made of two or more atoms from elements

Question 9

What are the types chemical bonds

Answer 9

covalent, ionic, and hydrogen

Question 10

what is a covalent bond

Answer 10

a bond made by sharing electrons

Question 11

What is an ionic bond

Answer 11

a bond made by transferring electrons

Question 12

What is a hydrogen bond

Answer 12

a bond made between polar molecules, one is positively charged and one is negatively charged so they attract

Question 13

polar versus non-polar molecules

Answer 13

polar molecules have an unequal distribution of electrons and therefore have a different charge in different parts

Question 14

compound versus molecule

Answer 14

a compound is the JOINING of the atoms in elements, a molecule is a group of atoms held together by a covalent bond

Question 15

van der wals forces

Answer 15

Weak attractions when molecules are close together

Question 16

What are two unique properties of water?

Answer 16

Storage of energy (moderates earths temp.)
Cohesion and Adhesion (water attracts to both itself an d other substances

Question 17

cohesion versus Adhesion

Answer 17

Cohesion is the attraction of a molecule to itself, adhesion is the opposite

Question 18

Solution versus Mixture

Answer 18

A solution occurs when molecules are equally distributed with one another

Question 19

solute versus Solvent

Answer 19

The solute is dissolved in the solvent

Question 20

Why is water a nearly universal solvent?

Answer 20

Because of its polarity it can easily break apart any polar molecules

Question 21

What happens when water bonds break

Answer 21

Occasionally hydroxide (OH-) or hydrogen (H+) ions are formed

Question 22

Acid versus Base

Answer 22

An acid has an increased number of H+ ions, a base has an increased number of OH- ions.

Question 23

What does pH stand for

Answer 23

Power of Hydrogen

Question 24

What is a buffer and what is it used for

Answer 24

weak acids/bases that prevent sudden changes in pH

Question 25

What are Organic Compounds

Answer 25

Carbon based compounds found in any living thing

Question 26

What are Monomers and Polymers?

Answer 26

Monomers are the building blocks of polymers (it is a general term)

Question 27

Which of the 5 key classes of organic compounds are not polymers?

Answer 27

lipids

Question 28

lipids

Answer 28

a fatty organic compound that is non polar and doesn't dissolve in water

Question 29

unsaturated versus saturated fats

Answer 29

unsaturated fats have a double carbon bond and there for have a break in the chain, this causes them to be more liquid.

Question 30

carbohydrates

Answer 30

organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1

Question 31

what are monosaccharides?

Answer 31

The single sugar building blocks of carbohydrates, there are also disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 32

what are some carbohydrate molecules that store energy?

Answer 32

starches (plants) glycogen (animals)

Question 33

what are some carbohydrate structural molecule?

Answer 33

cellulose (plant) chitin (animals)

Question 34

protiens

Answer 34

large polar molecules made up of amino acids

Question 35

what codes for protiens?

Answer 35

DNA

Question 36

Nucleic Acid

Answer 36

DNA/RNA, chain of smaller molecules called nucleotide

Question 37

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 37

a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group

Question 38

What is Energy

Answer 38

The ability to move or change matter

Question 39

How is energy affected by chemical reactions?

Answer 39

It is either stored or released

Question 40

endergonic versus exergonic reactions

Answer 40

endergonic reactions happens when energy is absorbed, exergonic is when energy is released

Question 41

How does a catalyst help a chemical reaction

Answer 41

It lowers the activation energy needed, one type is an enzyme used in biochemical reactions

Question 42

what is a biochemical reaction

Answer 42

one that happens in a cell

Question 43

What factors affect enzymes?

Answer 43

pH and temperature (in some cases increased temperature makes the reaction even faster but to much heat causes the enzyme to die)

Question 44

where does the substrate go to become a product

Answer 44

The active site

Question 45

How do you test for starches?

Answer 45

iodine- dark blue

Question 46

How do you test for protiens?

Answer 46

Biuret- purple

Question 47

How do you test for lipids?

Answer 47

Sudan 3- hot pink layer

Question 48

How do you test for nucleic acids?

Answer 48

diphenylamine- blue/purple/green