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KAMSC STUDY > Biology Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology Definition

A

The study of interactions between organisms

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2
Q

Who created Ecology

A

Ernst Haeckle

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3
Q

Order of Natures houses

A

organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome

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4
Q

What is an Organism

A

an individual

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5
Q

What is a Population

A

A group of one species at the same time and place

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6
Q

What is a commounity

A

All the biotic factors in a specific area

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7
Q

What is an Ecosystem

A

All of the Abiotic and Biotic Factors in an area

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8
Q

What is a Biome

A

A group of ecosystems all in a similar climate

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9
Q

What is the Biosphere and how big is it

A

The Biosphere is the area on the surface of the earth, 8 kilometers up and 11 down

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10
Q

What is the definition of a species

A

Organisms similar enough to produce fertile offspring

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11
Q

If an ecosystem is extremely biodiverse, what does that mean for the organisms

A

The overall ecosystem will be extremely healthy

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12
Q

What are the three Ecological Methods

A

Observing, Experimenting, and Modeling

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13
Q

What does it mean to be biodiverse

A

Variety of organisms, and variety of genetic differences

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14
Q

What is the most biodiverse ecosystem on earth

A

The tropical rainforest and other water ecosystems like wetlands and coral reefs

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15
Q

What does primary productivity mean

A

It is the total amount of biomass and energy converted in any ecosystem/trophic level

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16
Q

gross primary productivity versus net primary productivity

A

gross is the total amount, net is how much is passed on to the next trophic level

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17
Q

What organisms have the most primary productivity

A

Bacteria and Algae

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18
Q

Does energy flow one way or cycle around?

A

It flows one way

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19
Q

Where does most energy on earth come from

A

The sun

20
Q

Why is energy so important

A

It is used for nearly every bodily function

21
Q

Autotroph

A

A producer, it gets it’s energy directly from the sun or chemical compunds

22
Q

Chemosynthesis versus Photosynthesis

A

They are both processes used by Autotrophs to transform energy to chemical bonds.
-chemosynthesis uses chemical energy
-photosynthesis uses energy from the sun (MOST COMMON)

23
Q

Trophic Level

A

The different levels in a food chain or food web, they show how many organisms energy/biomass has gone through

24
Q

How many Trophic levels can there be?

A

5

25
Q

What are the different trophic levels

A

Primary Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer, Decomposer

26
Q

How is energy lost through the different Trophic levels

A

Only about 10% of energy and biomass is passed from one level to the next, it is given off as the most random form of energy, heat

27
Q

Heterotroph

A

A consumer, Heterotrophs consume Autotrophs and other heterotrophs for energy

28
Q

Carnivore

A

A heterotroph that eats other heterotrophs only

29
Q

Omnivore

A

A heterotroph that eats other heterotrophs and autotrophs

30
Q

Herbivore

A

A heterotroph that eats only autotrophs

31
Q

Detritivore

A

A heterotroph that eats only dead matter

32
Q

Detritivore versus Decomposer

A

A detritivore eats (vulture), a decomposer is a wider term and is used for any organism that consumes dead matter (mushroom)

33
Q

Ecological Pyramid

A

A model showing the different trophic levels in a relationship

34
Q

What are the different types of ecological pyramids

A

Energy- amount of energy passed on
Biomass- amount of biomass passed on
Number- population of each trophic level

35
Q

What is the most successful Heterotroph

A

An Omnivore because it has many more options

36
Q

Does matter move one way or cycle around

A

It cycles around

37
Q

What are biogeochemical cycles

A

A nutrient cycle

38
Q

What are the 6 main biogeochemical cycles

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfate, phosphorus

39
Q

Describe the Water Cycle

A

transpiration/evaporation => precipitation/runoff=> Condensation

40
Q

Describe the Carbon Cycle

A

taken in by plants (photosynthesis), released when they die or are consumed, also given off by respiration and combustion

41
Q

Describe the Nitrogen Cycle

A

(can occur naturally and unaturally)
goes from gas to ammonia to nitrates to gas

42
Q

Name and Describe the three processes in the nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrification- Done by bacteria on plant roots, changes gas to ammonia
Assimilation- ammonia to nitrates
Denitrification- Done by bacteria, nitrates to gas

43
Q

Describe the Phosphorus Cycle

A

Cycles around rocks, dirt, bodies, and ocean
-DOES NOT enter the air

44
Q

Nutrient Limitation

A

When any given nutrient becomes rare and lowers the ecosystems whole productivity

45
Q

What are the affects of a sudden supply of a limiting nutrient

A

One organism may suddenly become abundant and take away from other organisms.

KAMSC STUDY (7 decks)

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