Biology Chapter 3

Question 1

Ecology Definition

Answer 1

The study of interactions between organisms

Question 2

Who created Ecology

Answer 2

Ernst Haeckle

Question 3

Order of Natures houses

Answer 3

organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome

Question 4

What is an Organism

Answer 4

an individual

Question 5

What is a Population

Answer 5

A group of one species at the same time and place

Question 6

What is a commounity

Answer 6

All the biotic factors in a specific area

Question 7

What is an Ecosystem

Answer 7

All of the Abiotic and Biotic Factors in an area

Question 8

What is a Biome

Answer 8

A group of ecosystems all in a similar climate

Question 9

What is the Biosphere and how big is it

Answer 9

The Biosphere is the area on the surface of the earth, 8 kilometers up and 11 down

Question 10

What is the definition of a species

Answer 10

Organisms similar enough to produce fertile offspring

Question 11

If an ecosystem is extremely biodiverse, what does that mean for the organisms

Answer 11

The overall ecosystem will be extremely healthy

Question 12

What are the three Ecological Methods

Answer 12

Observing, Experimenting, and Modeling

Question 13

What does it mean to be biodiverse

Answer 13

Variety of organisms, and variety of genetic differences

Question 14

What is the most biodiverse ecosystem on earth

Answer 14

The tropical rainforest and other water ecosystems like wetlands and coral reefs

Question 15

What does primary productivity mean

Answer 15

It is the total amount of biomass and energy converted in any ecosystem/trophic level

Question 16

gross primary productivity versus net primary productivity

Answer 16

gross is the total amount, net is how much is passed on to the next trophic level

Question 17

What organisms have the most primary productivity

Answer 17

Bacteria and Algae

Question 18

Does energy flow one way or cycle around?

Answer 18

It flows one way

Question 19

Where does most energy on earth come from

Answer 19

The sun

Question 20

Why is energy so important

Answer 20

It is used for nearly every bodily function

Question 21

Autotroph

Answer 21

A producer, it gets it’s energy directly from the sun or chemical compunds

Question 22

Chemosynthesis versus Photosynthesis

Answer 22

They are both processes used by Autotrophs to transform energy to chemical bonds.
-chemosynthesis uses chemical energy
-photosynthesis uses energy from the sun (MOST COMMON)

Question 23

Trophic Level

Answer 23

The different levels in a food chain or food web, they show how many organisms energy/biomass has gone through

Question 24

How many Trophic levels can there be?

Answer 24

5

Question 25

What are the different trophic levels

Answer 25

Primary Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer, Decomposer

Question 26

How is energy lost through the different Trophic levels

Answer 26

Only about 10% of energy and biomass is passed from one level to the next, it is given off as the most random form of energy, heat

Question 27

Heterotroph

Answer 27

A consumer, Heterotrophs consume Autotrophs and other heterotrophs for energy

Question 28

Carnivore

Answer 28

A heterotroph that eats other heterotrophs only

Question 29

Omnivore

Answer 29

A heterotroph that eats other heterotrophs and autotrophs

Question 30

Herbivore

Answer 30

A heterotroph that eats only autotrophs

Question 31

Detritivore

Answer 31

A heterotroph that eats only dead matter

Question 32

Detritivore versus Decomposer

Answer 32

A detritivore eats (vulture), a decomposer is a wider term and is used for any organism that consumes dead matter (mushroom)

Question 33

Ecological Pyramid

Answer 33

A model showing the different trophic levels in a relationship

Question 34

What are the different types of ecological pyramids

Answer 34

Energy- amount of energy passed on Biomass- amount of biomass passed on Number- population of each trophic level

Question 35

What is the most successful Heterotroph

Answer 35

An Omnivore because it has many more options

Question 36

Does matter move one way or cycle around

Answer 36

It cycles around

Question 37

What are biogeochemical cycles

Answer 37

A nutrient cycle

Question 38

What are the 6 main biogeochemical cycles

Answer 38

Hydrogen, Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfate, phosphorus

Question 39

Describe the Water Cycle

Answer 39

transpiration/evaporation => precipitation/runoff=> Condensation

Question 40

Describe the Carbon Cycle

Answer 40

taken in by plants (photosynthesis), released when they die or are consumed, also given off by respiration and combustion

Question 41

Describe the Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 41

(can occur naturally and unaturally) goes from gas to ammonia to nitrates to gas

Question 42

Name and Describe the three processes in the nitrogen cycle

Answer 42

Nitrification- Done by bacteria on plant roots, changes gas to ammonia Assimilation- ammonia to nitrates Denitrification- Done by bacteria, nitrates to gas

Question 43

Describe the Phosphorus Cycle

Answer 43

Cycles around rocks, dirt, bodies, and ocean -DOES NOT enter the air

Question 44

Nutrient Limitation

Answer 44

When any given nutrient becomes rare and lowers the ecosystems whole productivity

Question 45

What are the affects of a sudden supply of a limiting nutrient

Answer 45

One organism may suddenly become abundant and take away from other organisms.