biology - kips practice

Question 1

present in all living things

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

variety among amino acids is produced due to

Answer 2

-R group

Question 3

amino acid composition

Answer 3

basic amino group (-NH2), carboxyl group (-COOH), and organic R group (side chain)

Question 4

primary structure of proteins is determined by

Answer 4

amino acid sequence

Question 5

globular protein

Answer 5

type of water soluble protein that has a rounded, ball-like shape
- perform various important functions within living organisms

Question 6

hemoglobin (haemoglobin)

Answer 6

protein found in the red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body and gives red blood its color

Question 7

myosin

Answer 7

motor protein that plays a crucial role in muscle contraction and movement

• has 2 parts: myosin head and myosin tail (head is the globular part of the protein, contains binding site)

(tail is the rod-like structure, structural support + interacts with other proteins)

Question 8

hydrolase

Answer 8

class of enzyme that perform as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond

• divide larger molecule into smaller molecules

Question 9

decarboxylase

Answer 9

remove carboxyl group from amino acids

Question 10

oxidoreductases (commonly called dehydrogenates or oxidases)

Answer 10

any member of a class of enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms or electrons from compounds

Question 11

lysosomes

Answer 11

responsible for intracellular digestion, contain various hydrolytic enzymes

• also recycle cellular components through a process called autophagy

Question 12

mitochondria

Answer 12

“powerhouse” of the cell

• responsible for producing ATP
• cellular respiration

Question 13

Golgi bodies

Answer 13

modify, sort, and package proteins & lipids within the cell for transport to designated locations or secretion

Question 14

plastids

Answer 14

small organelles in plant cells that perform various functions such as energy production, pigment synthesis, and storage

• one example of a plastid is the chloroplast
• contain food and pigment

Question 15

grana membranes are sites where

Answer 15

sunlight is trapped

Question 16

phagocytosis

Answer 16

process by which cells engulf and ingest solid particles or large molecule, such as bacteria, debris, or foreign substances

Question 17

plasmolysis

Answer 17

shrinking/contraction of the cytoplasm of a plant cell away from its cell wall due to the loss of water

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high concentration

Question 19

diffusion

Answer 19

high to low concentration

Question 20

characteristics of a bacteria

Answer 20

• lack of membrane bound organelles

Question 21

diploid cell

Answer 21

a cell that has 2 complete sets of chromosomes (ex. embryo)

Question 22

total number of peptide linkages in hemoglobin molecule

Answer 22

574

Question 23

what occurs in anaerobic respiration but not in aerobic respiration

Answer 23

production of ethanol from acetaldehyde

Question 24

the major constituent of blood plasma is

Answer 24

water

Question 25

which vein does not carry deoxygenated blood

Answer 25

pulmonary vein

Question 26

Empty card

Answer 26

Empty card

Question 27

genome

Answer 27

complete set of genetic material that makes up an organism (DNA)

Question 28

self replicating organelle

Answer 28

mitochondria

Question 29

net production of ATP during glycolysis is

Answer 29

2 ATP

Question 30

glycolysis

Answer 30

breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid

Question 31

the sequence of 3 bases on tRNA which is complementary to codon of mRNA is called

Answer 31

anticodon

Question 32

transcription and translation in DNA

Answer 32

transcription: process by which genetic info from DNA is copied into mRNA

translation: process by which info in RNA is used to synthesize a specific protein

Question 33

plasma clone cells

Answer 33

group of cells that are essentially identical copies of each other

• generated from active B cells

specialized to produce antibodies

Question 34

b-lymphocytes

Answer 34

type of white blood cell that detect antigens and signal plasma cells to produce antibodies

• “soldiers” of the immune system
• produced by bone marrow

Question 35

t-cells (t-lymphocytes) + helper t-cells

Answer 35

type of white blood cell that recognizes antigens, releases signals, and directly kills cells

• thought of as the “commander” or “regulators” of the immune system

helper t-cells: stimulate B cells

Question 36

oogenesis (+ occurs when)

Answer 36

development & maturation of eggs in the female reproductive system

happens before birth

Question 37

plasmid ring + restriction endonuclease

Answer 37

plasmid ring: small circular piece of DNA that exists separately from chromosomal DNA in bacteria (can be altered and can carry extra DNA)

restriction endonuclease: used to cut up and modify plasma ring

Question 38

ligase + primase

Answer 38

ligase: seals DNA fragments together (similar to “glue”)

primase: synthesizes short RNA sequences called “primers” (primers = starting point of DNA replication)

Question 39

steps of the cell cycle (interphase)

Answer 39

interphase: growth and prep before cell division

1. G1 phase: cell grows + prepares for DNA replication
2. S phase: DNA replication occurs here (cell synthesizes exact copy of DNA)
3. G2 phase: cell continues to grow and prepare for replication + cell checks DNA and repairs damages

Question 40

steps of the cell cycle (mitotic phase)

Answer 40

includes mitosis (division of the cell’s nucleus) + cytokinesis (division of the cell’s cytoplasm)

1. Prophase: chromosomes pair up
2. Metaphase: chromosomes line up at equator
3. Anaphase: sister chromatids pull apart
4. Telophase: separated chromosomes at the ends of the cell
5. Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm, two distinct daughter cells