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mdcat > chemistry - kips practice > Flashcards

chemistry - kips practice Flashcards

1
Q

the mass of one mole of electrons is

A

0.55 mg

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2
Q

which pair of mixture is called ideal solution

A

water – ether

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3
Q

what can affect the magnitude of equilibrium constant Kp, of a reversible gaseous reaction?

A

temperature

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4
Q

what is an ether?

A

class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups

general formula: R–O–R’

  • easily flammable liquid used to dissolve other substances such as oils, fats, etc.
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5
Q

catalysis

A

acceleration of chemical reaction by catalyst

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6
Q

contact process

A

catalytic method for producing sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxygen (O2)

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7
Q
  • heterogeneous catalysis
  • homogenous catalysis
  • autocatalysis
  • enzyme catalysis
A
  • heterogeneous catalysis: catalysis where the phase of catalysts differs from that of the reactants or products
  • homogeneous catalysis: catalysis where the phase of catalysts is the same as that of the reactants or products
  • autocatalysis: one of the reaction products is also a catalyst for the same reaction
  • enzyme catalysis: increase in the rate of a process by a biological molecule (enzyme)
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8
Q

a safe and more reliable method for drying the crystal is through

A

vacuum desiccator

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9
Q

pseudo solid + examples

A

solid that possesses properties of a liquid

examples: glass and pitch (resin)

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10
Q

the order of reactivity of halogens with alkane is

A

F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2

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11
Q

x-ray diffraction

A

determines atomic radius and molecular structure of a crystal

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12
Q

optical microscope & electron microscope

A

optical - magnified image of an object specimen

electron - uses electron beams as a source of illumination, has higher resolution (see more smaller things)

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13
Q

spectrophotometer

A

measures absorbance of light

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14
Q

stronger the oxidizing agent, greater the _____________

A

reduction potential

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15
Q

which of the following can be used in laptops

A

nickel cadmium cell

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16
Q

nickel cadmium cell

A

type of rechargeable battery used in aviation, rail and mass transit, backup power for power lines, etc.

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17
Q

lead accumulator

A

secondary cell b/c electrical energy is not generated within it but stored from an external source

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18
Q

silver oxide battery

A

primary cell battery used in watches, calculators, hearing aids, etc.

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19
Q

primary vs. secondary battery

A

primary is not rechargeable, secondary is

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20
Q

fuel cell

A

an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions

  • do not run down or need charging, produce heat or electricity as long as fuel is present

used in transportation (cars), industrial stuff

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21
Q

Van Der Waal’s equation

A
  • a more accurate representation of properties of non-ideal gases because factors in attraction b/w molecules and volume of molecules

PV = RT/(V - b) - a/V^2

22
Q

a real gas obeying van der waal’s equation will resemble ideal gas if ‘a’ and ‘b’ are ______________

A

small

23
Q

plasma + what used in

A

superheated matter – so hot that the electrons are ripped away from the atoms forming an ionized gas

  • comprises 99% of the universe
  • glows

used in: fluorescent bulb, neon sign, lasers

24
Q
  • ionic crystal
  • metallic crystal
  • covalent crystal
  • molecular crystal
A

ionic crystal: composed of alternating positive and negative ions

metallic crystal: metal cations surrounded by a “sea” of mobile valence electrons

covalent crystal: composed of atoms covalently (shared electrons) bonded to one another

molecular crystal: held together by weak intermolecular forces

25
Q

what are the 4 conditions for a gas to be “ideal”

A

gas particles are:

  • equally sized
  • have neglibile volume
  • no IMF’s (attractions or repulsions)
  • particles move randomly
26
Q

beta particles and alpha particles

A

beta particles: high speed, high energy electrons (produced in beta decay)

alpha particles: composite particles consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons tightly bonded together
- emitted from nucleus of radionuclides

27
Q

when a fast neutron strikes the nucleus of nitrogen, the particles ejected are ___________

A

alpha particles

28
Q

dilute solution

A

relatively small amount of solute dissolved in the solution

29
Q

borax bead test + which elements is it not used with

A

used to identify certain metal ions by observing the color of the melted borax bead when the metal ions are added

  • copper: turns bead blue-green
  • cobalt: turns bead deep blue
  • iron: turns bead yellow-red

cannot be used with group 1, 2, or 12 elements

30
Q

the most reactive allotropic form of phosphorus is

(+ mention what the other 2 forms are used for)

A

most reactive - white phosphorus

white - used by military in ammunition b/c highly flammable

red - used on match boxes, also used to calm fire

black - used in batteries, electronics, energy storage

31
Q

chemical composition of cinnabar

A

HgS

32
Q

allotropes

A

different structural forms of the same element

  • exhibit different physical and chemical properties
33
Q

caustic soda

A

sodium hydroxide

NaOH

34
Q

bond energy

A

amount of energy required to break a specific chemical bond in a molecule

  • influenced by factors such as types of atoms, bond length, and overall molecular structure
  • greater electronegativity = higher bond energy
35
Q

disproportionation reaction (also called dismutation reaction) + 2 famous examples

A

a single compound is both oxidized and reduced within the same reaction

examples:
- chlorine gas (Cl2) in the presence of water or hydroxide ions

  • ammonia (NH3) in certain conditions
36
Q

double displacement reaction + essential requirement

A

the positive and negative ions “swap” partners

an essential requirement for a double displacement reaction is the formation of a precipitate, gas, or water as one of the products

37
Q

reduction reaction + 3 ways it happens

A

chemical reaction in which there is a gain of electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule
(reduction of the oxidation state)

  • happens in 3 ways: gain of electrons, loss of oxygen, or gain of hydrogen
38
Q

coordination number

A

number of atoms, molecules, or ions bonded to central atom

39
Q

after digestion, proteins change to

A

amino acids

40
Q

catenation

A

ability of atoms, specifically carbon, to bond with each other to form long chains or rings

  • particularly predominant in organic chemistry
41
Q

tetravalency

A

ability of an atom to form up to 4 covalent bonds with other atoms

  • commonly associated with carbon
  • property of tetravalency allows carbon atoms to form stable, covalent bonds
42
Q

isomerism

A

“chemical twins” that have the same molecular formula but are arranged or bonded in different ways, resulting in distinct chemical and physical properties

ex: butane and isobutane both have the molecular formula C4H10, but they have different arrangements of carbon atoms

43
Q

vinyl acetylene (C4H4) combines with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce

A

chloroprene (C4H5Cl)

44
Q

leaving group + examples of good and bad ones

A

an atom or a group of atoms that departs from a molecule during a chemical reaction, taking with it a pair of electrons
- when they leave, leave behind a positive charge or a new bond formation, resulting in formation of new compound or different reaction intermediate

bad (inefficient) : hydroxide (OH-)

good: halide ions (Cl-, Br-, I-), water, sulfates, phosphates

45
Q

industrial materials and thermal power stations are coated with

A

polyvinyl chloride

46
Q

polyvinyl chloride

A

high-strength, thermoplastic material used in applications such as pipes, wires, and cables

47
Q

epoxy paint

A

epoxy makes paint more durable, resistant to moisture and grease

48
Q

polyamide resin

A

used primarily by paper industry to increase wet strength of towels/wipes facial tissues, and other products

49
Q

polyester resin

A

used for construction and general waterproofing

50
Q

chlorination of water may be harmful if the water contains

A

ammonia

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