Biology practical #2

Question 1

dependent variable

Answer 1

what’s being measured/ what may be affected by the IV.

Question 2

independent variable

Answer 2

The condition or what’s manipulated/changed by the experimenter.
The group testing the IV is called the experimental group.

Question 3

control variable

Answer 3

The group in the experiment that is used to compare the experimental group to.
The group that is NOT manipulated by the experimenter.

Question 4

The null hypothesis

Answer 4

The default hypothesis.
The IV will not affect the DV.

Question 5

the alternative hypothesis

Answer 5

is the hypothesis that we are trying to prove

Question 6

p value

Answer 6

is the probability of obtaining the sampling results due to chance

Question 7

What does it mean if the results are statistically significant?

Answer 7

the difference is unlikely to have occurred by chance

Question 8

Hepaticophyta

Answer 8

example: liverworts
- do not have a vascular system
- produce spore instead of seeds
- thallus bodies
- dominant gametophyte phase

Question 9

Bryophyta

Answer 9

example: mosses
- no vascular system
- distinct stem and leaf structures
- dominant gametophyte phase

Question 10

Lycopodiophyta

Answer 10

example: club mosses
- has vascular tissue and seedless
- dominant phase sporophyte
- have strobili: where spore producing sporangia are found

Question 11

Pteridophyta

Answer 11

example: ferns
- has vascular tissue and seedless
- dominant phase sporophyte
- have sori: where spore producing sporangia are found

Question 12

Coniferophyta

Answer 12

example: conifers
- gymnosperm
- naked seeded plants that lack a ovary

Question 13

Anthophyta

Answer 13

example: flowering plants
- angiosperms
- covered seeded, plants have ovaries

Question 14

Acoelomates

Answer 14

are organisms that have no true body cavities between the layers of their tissues

Question 15

pseudocoelom

Answer 15

a fluid-filled body cavity that lies between the mesoderm and endoderm layers, BUT is not completely lined by mesoderm

Question 16

coelom

Answer 16

a fluid-filled body cavity located between the body’s outer wall and the digestive tract
Is completely lined by mesoderm

Question 17

radially symmetrical

Answer 17

-More then two planes dividing similar portions.
- These animals can be prey due to minimal movements

Question 18

bilaterally symmetrical

Answer 18

• The right and left halves are symmetrical
• organisms are optimized for directed movement and specialized tasks.

Question 19

how is the of a planaria mouth similar to the proboscis of nemertean worms

Answer 19

both serve as feeding structures

Question 20

Microsporophyll

Answer 20

bears microsporangia, which produce microspores that develop into male gametophytes, pollen.

Question 21

Megasporophylls

Answer 21

bear megasporangia, which produce megaspores that develop into female gametophytes, which contain eggs.

Question 22

Heterosporous

Answer 22

seeded plants produce two types of spores (megaspores and microspores)

Question 23

Embryonic development

Answer 23

Protostomes or deuterostomes

Question 24

Ctenophora

Answer 24

common name: comb jellyfiish
- Biradial symmetry
- dipoblastic
- have colloblasts and Statocyst
- Nervous system in the form of a nerve net, without true ganglia
- eight rows of ciliary plates

Question 25

Statocyst

Answer 25

Sensory organ that coordinates beating of the cilia in the combs.

Question 26

Colloblast

Answer 26

Adhesive prey-capturing structures

Question 27

Porifera

Answer 27

common name: sponges - Have flagellate - no symmetry -

Question 28

Cnidaria

Answer 28

common name: hydra, jellyfish, coral - radial symmetry - diploidblastic - two body types (medusa and polyp) - stinging structures (nematocysts) - gastrovascular structure

Question 29

Platyhelminthes

Answer 29

common name: flatworms - bilateral symmetry - acoelomates - simple nervous system

Question 30

Annelida

Answer 30

common name: segmented worms (leeches, earthworms) - Closed circulatory system -

Question 30

Nemertea

Answer 30

common name: roundworms - sticky proboscis - pesudocoelom -

Question 30

Mollusca

Answer 30

common name: mollusk - bilateral sym. - most have rasplike radula - Most have an open circulatory system

Question 31

Rotifera

Answer 31

common name: wheel animals - No true coelom - nervous system - complete digestive tract - multicellular

Question 32

Nematoda

Answer 32

common name: roundworms - pseudocoelom - Bilateral symmetry - complete digestive tract - No specific circulatory structures

Question 33

Echinodermata

Answer 33

common name: sea star, sea cucumber, sea urchin - water vascular system functions in feeding, gas exchange, and as a hydrostatic skeleton - simple nervous system - radial symmetry - deuterostomia

Question 34

Chordata

Answer 34

common name: amphibeans - bilateral symmetry - deuterostomia - tripoblastic -