Biomechanics

Question 1

define Mechanics

Answer 1

Study of forces and motions produced by their action

Question 2

define Biomechanics

Answer 2

Study of the mechanical causes and effects of on human movement/performance; The application of mechanical laws to living structures

Question 3

why is the study of biomechanics important?

Answer 3

helps us understand how we generate/control movements

understanding of what mechanical/anatomical factor/features limit movement outcomes?

Question 4

what are some of the other branches of biomechanics?

Answer 4

Orthopedic Biomechanics
Occupational Biomechanics
Animal Biomechanics

Question 5

sagittal plane; give some examples of movements in a sagittal plane

Answer 5

divides the body into left and right; forward lunge

Question 6

coronal plane; give some examples of movements in a coronal plane

Answer 6

divides the body into front and back; adduction or adduction of arms or jumping jacks

Question 7

transverse plane; give some examples of movements in a transverse plane

Answer 7

divides the body into top and bottom; turning head or swinging a bat

Question 8

anterior; example?

Answer 8

in front of

Question 9

posterior; example?

Answer 9

behind

Question 10

proximal; example?

Answer 10

closer to the trunk or midline

Question 11

distal; example?

Answer 11

farther from the trunk or midline

Question 12

Superior; example?

Answer 12

closer to the head or above

Question 13

inferior; example?

Answer 13

closer to the feet or below

Question 14

lateral; example?

Answer 14

farther from the midline or outside

Question 15

medial; example?

Answer 15

closer to the midline or inside

Question 16

give examples of adduction/abduction

Answer 16

…

Question 17

describe plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Answer 17

…

Question 18

give some example of flexion and extension

Answer 18

…

Question 19

describe supination and pronation

Answer 19

…

Question 20

describe inversion and eversion

Answer 20

…

Question 21

describe circumduction

Answer 21

…

Question 22

describe internal and external rotation

Answer 22

…

Question 23

describe lateral flexion

Answer 23

Pertains to the trunk (Cervical, lumbar regions)

Question 24

true or false: muscles can only pull not push

Answer 24

true

Question 25

joints

Answer 25

Junctions of bones

Question 26

fibrous joints allow for _____ movement. ______ is an example of a fibrous joint.

Answer 26

no; skull sutures

Question 27

Cartilaginous joints allow for _____ movement. ______ is an example of a fibrous joint.

Answer 27

limited; pubic symphasis

Question 28

Synovial joints allow for _____ movement. ______ is an example of a fibrous joint.

Answer 28

maximal; knee

Question 29

movement in ____ plane is defined as ____ degree of motion

Answer 29

1,2,or3

Question 30

Uniaxial joints

Answer 30

rotate about one axis

Question 31

Biaxial joints

Answer 31

allow movement about two perpendicular axes.

Question 32

Multiaxial joints

Answer 32

including the shoulder and hip ball-and-socket joints, allow movement about all three perpendicular axes that define space.

Question 33

the spine has ___ cervical, ___ thoracic, ___ lumbar, ___ saccral, and ___ coccyx vertebrae

Answer 33

7,12,5.1,1

Question 34

Origin is the ______ attachment

Answer 34

proximal

Question 35

insertion is the _______ attachment

Answer 35

distal (usually more mobile)

Question 36

agonist

Answer 36

The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement. This is also known as the prime mover.

Question 37

antagonist

Answer 37

A muscle that can slow down or stop the movement. The antagonist assists in joint stabilization.

Question 38

a mechanism to increase joint stability

Answer 38

antagonist co-activation

Question 39

synergist muscle

Answer 39

muscle that assists indirectly in a movement

Question 40

2 Broad categories of assessing characteristics of human movement

Answer 40

kinematics and kinetics

Question 41

description of motion

Answer 41

kinematics

Question 42

study of forces (in this context-forces causing motion of the body)

Answer 42

kinetics

Question 43

force

Answer 43

push or pull that tends to produce acceleration

Question 44

factors considered in an injury

Answer 44

``` magnitude Location Direction Duration Frequency Variability Rate ```

Question 45

vector

Answer 45

quantity having both magnitude and direction

Question 46

scalar

Answer 46

has only magnitude

Question 47

vectors may be combined, the new vector is called

Answer 47

resultant vector

Question 48

name the 4 properties of force

Answer 48

magnitude direction point of application line of action

Question 49

The turning effect of a force

Answer 49

torque

Question 50

Force X Distance = _______

Answer 50

torque

Question 51

moment arm

Answer 51

Perpendicular distance from the line of force to the axis of rotation

Question 52

what 2 components is moment arm divided into?

Answer 52

force/effort arm and resistance arm

Question 53

lever

Answer 53

a rigid bar (bone) that can rotate about a fixed point when a force is applied to overcome resistance

Question 54

name the 3 parts of a lever

Answer 54

1) Fulcrum 2) Load/Resistance 3) Effort/Force

Question 55

class 1 lever: the __________ is in the middle

Answer 55

fulcrum

Question 56

class 2 lever: the ________ is in the middle

Answer 56

resistance force

Question 57

class 3 lever: the _________ is in the middle

Answer 57

applied force (muscle force) is in the middle