gender and age related factors

Question 1

what are some reasons ACL injuries are more common in women?

Answer 1

low H:Q strength ratio & greater Q angle

Question 2

why are weak hamstrings a problem?

Answer 2

the imbalance between hamstrings and quads results in an unstable knee joint

Question 3

degeneration of muscles due specifically to aging

Answer 3

sarcpenia

Question 4

true or false: people who are stronger live longer

Answer 4

true!!!!!

Question 5

prior to puberty strength gains in youth are primarily _________

Answer 5

neurological

Question 6

when is injury risk the highest for youth?

Answer 6

during Peak Height Velocity

Question 7

what is PHV?

Answer 7

Peak Height Velocity (growth spirt- the time when their height is increasing the most and at the highest rate)

Question 8

Woman’s maximal mean total body strength is ____ of mens

Answer 8

65%

Question 9

women’s upper body strength is only _____ of men’s upper body strength

Answer 9

25%-55%

Question 10

women’s lower body strength is ____ of men’s lower body strength

Answer 10

70-75%

Question 11

True or false: women are weaker in absolute measure in their lower body, but equal in relative comparisons

Answer 11

True

Question 12

women have a _______ transformation from type IIx to IIA compared to men

Answer 12

faster

Question 13

women generally gain strength at the same rate or faster than men but …..

Answer 13

the gains plateau off faster then the gains that men see.

Question 14

what are some main issue that a trainer should address when training women?

Answer 14

1) less stable knee joint: strength hamstrings
2) low bone density: load the bones
3) weak upper body: work upper body

Question 15

True or False: When men and women are compared relative to muscle CSA, women are weaker

Answer 15

False

Question 16

what are the 4 factor a trainer should consider when working with youth?

Answer 16

1) general physical health
2) psychological
3) system development
4) physical dimensions

Question 17

what psychological factor are there for youth specifically?

Answer 17

do they have the capacity to focus? do they have the motivation to push their limits?

Question 18

what considerations are there with regards to system development with youth training?

Answer 18

neurological development: coordination

Question 19

describe the difference between chronological and biological age

Answer 19

large variation in the rate of growth in children and between genders. Chronological refers to years and biological refers to their physical and mental development.

Question 20

is chronological or biological age more important to consider?

Answer 20

biological

Question 21

when are the typical years of puberty onset for girls?

Answer 21

8-13

Question 22

when are the typical years of puberty onset for boys?

Answer 22

9-15

Question 23

what system sees the most gains with youth training?

Answer 23

neuromuscular

Question 24

even though muscle mass gains are not significant until puberty, what do neuromuscular adaptation mean for youth?

Answer 24

improved motor control and coordination patterns

Question 25

true or false: strength training for adolescence can potentially stunt growth

Answer 25

false.

Question 26

what is the most vulnerable body structure for youth training?

Answer 26

epiphyseal plate

Question 27

what is the most important thing to remember when training youth?

Answer 27

underestimate rather than overestimate and always supervise

Question 28

what is the adequate recovery time for youth trainees?

Answer 28

2 days between work outs

Question 29

what is the aging paradox?

Answer 29

skinny fat guy: decrease in muscle power and increase in body mass (adipose tissue)

Question 30

describe frailty syndrome

Answer 30

extreme wight loss, frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis... all this increases the changes of falling

Question 31

high strength group had ___ the risk of developing functional limitations compared to low strength group

Answer 31

half