Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSCS - Study Guide > Biomechanics Of Resistance Exercises > Flashcards

Biomechanics Of Resistance Exercises Flashcards

1
Q

________________ focuses on the mechanism through which the musculoskeletal components interact to create movement.

A

Biomechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_________ as its proximal towards the midline of the body

A

Origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____________ as it is distal (away from the center of the body)

A

Insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

For example in a straight leg sit up the _______ of the iliacus muscle is the femur, because of its relative immobility.

A

Origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

During leg raise exercise, the pelvis is the relatively immobile and would therefore become the ________, wil the more mobile femur would become the ____________.

A

Origin

Insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_________________- are more often found at the proximal end of a muscle, muscle fibers are directly affixed to the bone, usually over a wide area so that force is distrusted rather than localized.

A

Fleshy attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

______________, such as tendons, blend into and are continuous with the muscle sheaths and the connective tissue surrounding the bone.

A

Fibrous attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement is called the prime mover, or _____________.

A

Agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A muscle that can slow down or stop the movement is called the _____________.

A

Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The antagonists assists in joint stabilization and in braking the limb toward the end of the fast movement, thereby protecting ligamentous and ______________ structures from potentially destructive forces.

A

Cartilaginous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A muscle is called a ___________ when it assists indirectly in a movement.
- stabilizer muscles for the scapula during upper body movements.

A

Synergist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

___________- A leverfor which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum

A

First class Lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____________ - The pivot point of a lever.

A

Fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____________ - A rigid or semirigid body that, when subjected to a force whose line of action does not pass through its pivot point, exerts force on any object impeding its tendency to rotate.

A

Lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

________________ - The ratio of the movement arm through which an applied force acts to that trough which a resistive force acts.

A

Mechanical advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

__________________ (also called force arm, lever arm, or torque arm) - The perpendicular distance from the one of action of the force to the fulcrum.

A

Moment Arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_______________ - Force generated by biochemical activity, or the stretching of noncontractile tissue, that tends to draw the opposite ends of muscle toward each other.

A

Muscle Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____________ - Force generated by a source external to the body (e.g., gravity, inertia, friction) that acts contrary to muscle force.

A

Resistive Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_______________ - A lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm longer than that through which the resistive force acts, as when the calf muscles work to raise the body onto the ball of the feet.

A

Second class lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

__________________ - a lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm shorter than that through which the resistive force acts.

A

Third class lever.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

___________ - Also know as moment - the degree to which force tends to rotate an object about a specified fulcrum. It is defined quantitatively as the magnitude for a force times the length of its moment arm.

A

Torque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most of the skeletal muscles operate at a considerable ___________________ due to the lever arrangement within the body and resists. Thus, during sport and other physical activities, forces in the muscles and tendons are much higher than those exerted by the hands or feet on external objects or the ground.

A

Mechanical Disadvantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The mechanical advantage gained by having tendons insert farther from the joint center is accompanied by a loss of ______________ because, with the tendon inserted farther from the joint center, the muscle has to contract more to make the joint move through a given range of motion.

A

Maximum speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

__________________ the body is erect, the arms are down at the sides, and the palms face forward.

A

Anatomical position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cuts the body in half (from left to right), running down the midline.
- Movements in the Plane 
>lunges 
>standing chest press 
>standing Rows
A

Sagittal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

_________________ — cuts the body in half (superior to inferior).
Movements in this Plane.
- Band Rotations

A

Transverse Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

_____________ - Cut the body in half (front to back)
Movements in this Plane
- Dumbbell Side Lateral Raises
- Lateral Lunges

A

Frontal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Though it is widely accepted that _______ is the ability to exert force, there is considerable disagreement as to how strength should be measured.

A

Strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

All sports involve ________________ (change in velocity per unit time) of the body and, fro some sports, of an implement as well. (Baseball bat, javelin, tennis racket.
- associated with resistive force according to Isaac Newton’s Second Law
Force = Mass X ____________

A

Acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Outside of the scientific realm power is loosely defined as “_______________”.

A

Explosive strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

______ - is precisely defined as the TIME RATE OF DOING WORK.

  • _________= work / time
A

Power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

___________ - is the product of the force exerted on an object and the distance the moves in the direction in which the force is exerted.
- __________ =Force X Displacement

A

Work

33
Q

All such ___________ power and work occur during eccentric muscle actions, such as lowering a weight or decelerating at the end of a rapid movement.

A

“Negative”

34
Q

The term __________ really refers to work performed on, rather than by, a muscle.

A

Negative Work

35
Q

The rate at which the repetitions are performed determines the ______________.

A

Power Output

36
Q

The angle through which an object rotates is called its _______________, the SI unit of which is the radian.

A

Angular Displacement

37
Q

______________ is the objects rotational speed, measured in radians per second.

A

Angular Velocity

38
Q

What equation is used to calculate rotational work?

A

Work = Torque X Angular Displacement

39
Q

____________ is the capacity to exert force at any given velocity.

A

Strength

40
Q

__________ is the mathematical product of force and velocity at whatever speed.

A

Power

41
Q

The sport of weightlifting has a much higher _________ component than the sport of powerlifting, due to the higher movement velocities with heavy weights of the weightlifting movements.

A

Power

42
Q

__________ affects the maximal force output of a muscle by determining which and how many motor units are involved in Muscle contraction.

A

Neural COntrol

43
Q

Muscle Contraction is ?

A

Recruitment

44
Q

The rate at which the motor units are fired ?

A

Rate coding

45
Q

The ____________ a muscle can exert is related to its cross-sectional area rather than to its volume.

A

Force

46
Q

Maximal contracting muscles have been found capable of generating forces of ______ to _____ psi of muscle cross-sectional area.

A

23 to 145

47
Q

a __________ has fibers that align obliquely with the tendon, crating a feather like arrangement.

A

Pennate Muscle

48
Q

The ___________ is defined as the angle between the muscle fibers and an imaginary line between the muscles origin and insertion; 0deg. Corresponds to no Pennation.

A

Angle of Pennation

49
Q

Muscle with greater ____________ have more sarcomeres in parallel and fewer sarcomeres in series.

A

Pennation

50
Q

Most importantly, although angle of Pennation may vary depending on hereditary factors, it is _______________, which could help account for some of the differences in strength and speed seen in individuals who seem to have muscles of the same size.

A

Modifiable through training

51
Q

The muscle can generate the greatest force at its_______________

A

Resting length

52
Q

________________ the muscles shortens because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force. The forces generated within the muscle and acting to shorten it are greater than the external forces acting at its tendons to stretch it.

A

Concentric Muscle Action

53
Q

__________________ - the muscle lengthens because the contractile force is less than the resistive force. The forces generated within the muscle and acting to shorten it are less than the external forces acting at its tendons to stretch it.

A

Eccentric Muscle Action

54
Q

_______________ - the muscle length does not change, because the contractile force is equal to the resistive force.

A

Isometric muscle action

55
Q

The greatest muscle force can be obtained during the ________ phase. Muscle action.
-exerted by muscle keeps the weight from being accelerated downward by gravitational force.

A

Eccentric

56
Q

___________________ - the muscle length does not change, because the contractile force is equal to the resistive force. The forces generated within the muscle and acting to shorten it equal to the external forces acting at its tendons to stretch it.

A

isometric muscle action

57
Q

If, after training, an athlete increases body mass by 15%but increases force capability buy only 10%, the strength-to-mass ratio, and thus the athletes ability to accelerate, is_____________.

A

Reduced

58
Q

Why are smaller athletes pound for pound stronger than larger athletes?

A

Muscles maximal contractile force is fairly proportional to its cross-sectional area, which is related to the square or linear body dimensions.

59
Q

_________________ - the load lifted is divided by body weight to the two-thirds power, thus accounting for the relationship of cross-sectional area versus volume.

A

Classic Formula

60
Q

The most common sources of resistance for strength training exercises are?

A

Gravity, inertia, friction, fluid, resistance and elasticity.

61
Q

What are the advantages of the stack machine?

A
  • safety
  • Design flexibility
  • Ease of use
62
Q

Advantages of free weights include the following?

A
  • whole body training

- simulation of real-life activities

63
Q

__________________-can act in any direction.

A

Inertial force.

64
Q

___________________ in which the athlete performs the sport movement with less than normal and greater than normal resistance is another form of acceleration training.

A

Bracketing technique

65
Q

_____________ is the resistive force encountered when one attempts to move an object while it is pressed against another object.

A

Friction

66
Q

_________________ - a source of fluid resistance

- which results from the fricition of a fluid passing along the surface of an object.

A

Surface Drag

67
Q

_____________ - a source of fluid resistance

  • which results from the way in passing through it.
  • Cross-sectional area has a major effect.
A

Form drag

68
Q

Injures due to resistance training accounted for only __________ of the in-season injury-related time loss of the players.

A

0.74%

69
Q

The _________ muscles act at a great mechanical disadvantage and must generate forces much greater than the weight of an object lifted.

A

Back

70
Q

It has been observed that ____ to _____ of all intervertebral disk herniations occur at the disk between the lowest two lumbar vertebrae (L4 and L5) or between the lowest lumbar vertebrae sacral vertebra (L5 and S1)

A

85% To 90%

71
Q

The ______________ is naturally S-shaped, being slightly rounded (kyphotic) in the thoracic spine and lordotic in the lumbar spine.

A

Vertebral column

72
Q

In the _______________ , the glottis is closed, thus keeping air from escaping the lungs, and the muscles of the abdomen and rib cage contract, creating rigid compartments of liquid in the lower torso and air in the upper torso.

  • is not necessary for generation of intra-abdominal pressure.
  • can have an undesirable side effect of exerting compressive force on the heart, making more difficult for blood to return to the heart
A

Valsalva Maneuver

73
Q

The Stability of the ____________ largely depends on glenoid labrum, the joint synovium, and capsules, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and bursae.

A

Shoulder

74
Q

What are the Rotator Cuff Muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres Minor

75
Q

The _____________ function is to hold the quadriceps tendon away from the knee axis of rotation, thereby increasing the moment arm of the quadriceps group and its Mechanical advantage.

A

Knee

76
Q

Heavy knee wraps around the knee provide what type of effect?

A

Spring Effect

77
Q

What is the Definition of Power?

A

(Force)X(velocity)

78
Q

To compare performance of Olympic weightlifters of different body weights, the classic formula divide the loss lifted by the athlete’s What?

A

Body weight to the 2/3 power

CSCS - Study Guide (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions