Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

P > Biops > Flashcards

Biops Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Name the two components of the central nervous system

A

Brain

Spinal chord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the two components of the peripheral nervous system.

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name two ways in which the somatic nervous system differs from the autonomic nervous system.

A

Somatic controls voluntary actions

Somatic receives info from senses and to CNS whereas autonomic takes to and from organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system break down into? (2)

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between the SNS and ParaSNS?

A

SNS- emergencies=fight or flight

ParaSNS- after emergencies=rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do in emergencies? (6)

A 
increase heart rate
increase breathing rate
inhibits digestion
inhibits saliva production
contracts rectum
dilates pupils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do after emergencies? (6)

A 
decreases heart rate
decreases breathing rate
stimulates digestion
stimulates saliva production
relaxes rectum
constricts pupils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pineal glands function? (2)

A

releases melatonin

biological rhythms like sleep-wake cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus? (1)

A

stimulates and releases hormones from the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland? (2)

A

master gland

because hormones from this gland stimulate release of hormones from other glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the adrenal medulla? (2)

A

releases adrenaline and noradrenaline

the key hormone in the flight or fight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the adrenal cortex? (2)

A

releases cortisol

which stimulates the release of glucose to provide the body with energy while suppressing the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the thyroid? (2)

A

releases thyroxine

responsible for regulating metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give 2 examples of excitatory neurotransmitters (2)

A

acetylcholine

noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

give 2 examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters (2)

A

serotonin

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain? (4)

A

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name three things the left hemisphere controlls. (3)

A

analytical tasks
language
right sight of body
right visual field of both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name three things controlled by right hemisphere. (3)

A 
visual-motor tasks
face recognition
imagination
emotion language content
music
left side of body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which area of the brain is involved in production of language?

A

Broca’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which ares of the brain is involved in understanding language?

Study These Flashcards
A

Werenicke’s area

21
Q

What would Werenicke’s aphasia cause you to do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Not understand language, even though you’re able to produce it.

22
Q

Which lobe is the Bronca’s area?

Study These Flashcards
A

Frontal, left

23
Q

Which lobe is werenickes area?

Study These Flashcards
A

Temporal, left

24
Q

Which lobe is motor area?

25
Which lobe is the somatosensory area in?
Parietal
26
Which lobe is the visual area?
Occipital
27
Which lobe is the auditory area?
Temporal
28
Which hemisphere controls language and analytical tasks?
Left
29
Which hemisphere controls facial recognition, drawing, visual motor tasks?
Right
30
What are the four basic EGG patterns and what do they show? (4)
Alpha- awake but relaxed Beta- awake and excited Theta- light sleep Delta- deep sleep
31
What was the aim of Sperry's experiment?
To demonstrate that hemispheres have different functions/abilities
32
What are four main ways of studying the brain?
fmri electroencephalogram event related potentials post-mortem examination
33
What is an ERP? (3)
Recording electrical aactivity brainwave triggered by particular stimulus uses statistical averaging techniques to filter out extraneous brain activity
34
What are the 3 biological rhythms and what are they? Give examples. (9)
Circadian- once a day- sleep/wake cycle Infradian- less than once a day- menstrual cycle Ultradian- more than once a day- movements of beach living algae with the tides
35
Who was it that spent 6 months in a cave to investigate circadian rhythms?
Siffre 1975
36
What are exogenous zeitgebers?
External factors in environment which reset out biological clocks through a process known as entrainment.
37
What is an example of one of the primary endogenous pacemakers in mammals, influential in maintaining circadian rhythms?
The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus is one of the primary endogenous pacemakers.
38
Give 1 strength and 1 weakness of fMRI scans.
Non invasive/more objective than verbal reports | Not direct measure of activity, just blood flow/only focuses on localisation not networked nature of brain.
39
Give 1 strength and 1 weakness of EEG.
In real time rather than a still image/usefulin clinical diagnosis Can't reveal what's happening deeper e.g. in hypothalamus/doesn't pinpoint where activity is
40
What are infradian rhythms?
A cyclical change that occurs less than once a day
41
What are ultradian rhythms?
A cyclical change that occurs more than once a day
42
What did siffre find in his research into circadian rhythms? And what was the conclusion? (2)
Originally chaotic. Then settled 24.9 hour rhythm. Evidence for endogenous pacemakers being longer than 24 hours, suggesting exogenous zeitbeiters are needed to keep synchronized with 24hr environment
43
What study suggests we need endogenous pacemakers?
De coursey 2000 removed SCN of 30 chipmunks and their sleep wake cycle disappeared.
44
What is evidence into exogenous zeitbegers and what did they find? (2)
Chang 2014 | Using light emmiting device before bed took longer to sleep than using book
45
Describe the process of synaptic transmission (4)
electrical impulses (action potentials) reach the presynaptic terminal • electrical impulses (action potentials) trigger release of neurotransmitters (or named example) • neurotransmitters cross the synapse from vesicles • neurotransmitters combine with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane • stimulation of postsynaptic receptors by neurotransmitters result in either excitation (depolarisation) or inhibition (hyperpolarisation) of the postsynaptic membrane.
46
Name one difference between EEGs and ERPs. (2)
EEG is a recording of general brain activity whilst ERPs are elicited by specific stimuli presented to the participant.
47
Using knowledge of endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers, why is it bad to work night shifts?
means endogenous pacemakers try to impose inbuilt rhythm of sleep, so are out of synchrony with the zeitgeber of light
48
State 2 limitations of Sperry's experiment. (2)
* the disconnection between the hemispheres was greater in some patients than others * some patients had experienced drug therapy for much longer than others
49
List the effects of adrenaline in the body in the fight or flight response. (4)
– increase heart rate – constricts blood vessels, increasing rate of blood flow and raising blood pressure – diverts blood away from the skin, kidneys and digestive system – increases blood to brain and skeletal muscle – increases respiration and sweating  The general effects of adrenaline – prepare the body for action, fight or flight, – increase blood supply/oxygen, to skeletal muscle for physical action – increase oxygen to brain for rapid response planning

P (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions