bioscopy

Question 1

The two divisions of the nervous system

Answer 1

centeral
peripheral

Question 2

central nervous system

Answer 2

Composed of the brain and spinal cord.

• Responsible for processing information and controlling body functions.
• The brain controls thinking, emotions, memory, and decision-making.

Question 3

peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

Composed of nerves outside the CNS, connecting the body to the CNS.

• Somatic nervous system: Controls voluntary movements. like muscle movement and recivies info from sensroy receptors
• Autonomic nervous system: Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion.

Question 4

functions of each neuron

Answer 4

Sensory Neurons: Carry signals from the PNS to the CNS.

Motor Neurons: Connect the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands

relay neurones; connect sensory neurons to the motor or other relay neurons

Question 5

each neuron’s axons and dendrites

Answer 5

sensory long DE and short AX

motor short DE and long AX

relay short DE and AX

Question 6

process of synaptic transmission

Answer 6

electrical impulses reach the presynaptic terminal

Electrical impulses trigger the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles

Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft

Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 7

The endocrine system

Answer 7

The endocrine system is a system of glands that are responsible for the release of hormones

the pituitary gland of the endocrine system is linked to the nervous system, which co-ordinates and regulates the release of hormones from glands.

Question 8

types of glands

Answer 8

the adrenal gland produces adrenaline which triggers the fight or flight response and increases heart rate, breathing rate, contracts blood vessels etc

the pituary gland

the testes produce testosterone which controls the development of male physical features
the ovaries produce oestrogen which controls the development of female physical features

Question 9

flight or flight processes

Answer 9

The brain senses a threat

The hypothalamus sends a message to the adrenal glands to release adrenaline

Adrenaline increases bodily activities to either fight or flee from the threat
For example, heart rate increases to improve blood flow, the bronchioles of the lungs and the pupils dilate to increase vision.
Other bodily activities that are not essential for fighting or fleeing are reduced, such as digestion

Once the brain senses that the threat has passed, the parasympathetic nervous system reduces these activities and returns the body to a resting state (rest and digest rather than fight or flight).