memeory Flashcards
(30 cards)
Research on coding
Once info gets into the memory it is stored in different formats depending on the memory store. This processes is called coding
alan baddeley gave different lists of words to four groups
1, acoustically similar, cat cab can
2. acoustically disimialar, pit few cow
3. semanitcally similar, great large big
4. semantically dissimilar good, huge, cold
short term did worse with acoustically similar words
after 20 they did worse with semantically similar words
research on capacity
how much information someone can hold at a time
joseph jacobs measured digit span by reading out a list of numbers and increase in increments of one until they cant remember them all with digits being 9,3 and letters 7.3
episodic memory
refers to the ability to recall events in your life. These memories are more complex as they are time-stamped then they will also include major key details such as where and you are and make the conscious effort to remember these events
semantic memory
includes knowledge of the world this includes facts and are not usually time stamped its also less personal
procedural memory
meomery of our skills or how we do things such as driving a car
types of long term meomery
episodic
sematic
procedural
phonological loop
deals with auditory and the coding is ausostic
phonological store, which stores the words you hear inner ear
articulatory process, inner voice which allows maintenance/rehershal by saying them in a loop over and over again
central executive
allocates tasks for the slave systems to do
visuo-spatial sketchpad
handles visual and spaitsl information
visual cache, which stores visual data such as form or colour
inner scribe, which records the arrangement of objects
eposdic buffer
a general store to hold and integrate information from the VSS PL and CE and LTM
working memory model evulation
The central executive has not been precisely defined. For example, the term
‘process’ is vague . This lack of a comprehensive Explanation for each component of WMM draws doubts about the accuracy
The study of kf saw he struggled with auditory stimuli but was fine with visual stimuli This suggests that the components of memory which process auditory and
visual stimuli are separate
baddley dual task performance participants performed worse when the task was the same has competing for same slave system
proactive interfrence
Proactive interference is when older information interferes with your ability to remember something newer. For example, you’re trying to remember the new login password you set but you keep thinking of your previous one.
retroactive interfrence
Retroactive interference is the reverse of proactive interference: It’s when newer information disrupts older information. For example, you’re trying to remember your home address from 10 years ago, but you keep thinking of your home address from 2 years ago.
interference theory evulation
itnerfrence theory tests done in a lab when remembering words are not realistic so cant be applied as much to real life
hard to know how it affects short term meomery
lab experiments set up to fail
rugby players asked about their games more games played harder to know
state-dependent forgetting
State-dependent failure is when the internal environment during recall is different from the internal environment when the memory was coded. such as being drunk and doing something then remembering next time your drunk
context depending theory
Context-dependent failure is when the external environment does not provide the cues necessary to recall a memory. For example, you might be perfectly able to remember your bank card pin code when you have to type it in an ATM, but struggle to remember it when walking along a beach.
Factors affecting eyewitness testimony
leading questions
Post-event discussion
anxiety
leading question
implying a particular answer, this can therefore affect recall either due to subsituation bias and changing the memory or emotianl bias where they feel the have to change their answer
car video, smashed hit, collied bumpted or contacted, more serve the verb the higher the mph
Post-event discussion
Discussion and recall of events by witnesses leading to alter other witness recollecolteting and it leading to meomery conformity for social approval
when warned about it they took it back
anxiety
may lead to worse recall due to weapon effect due to look at the knife
to the anxiety may increase alertness and have better recall
#law of arousal
JOhnson and scott man walked in with pen or knife more people could recall the man with pen
Ways to improve eyewitness testimony
context reimesntamt with the use of cues
report everything
Recall from a change perspective
back to front recalling
sensory register definition
a stimulus for the environment, its not one part its several parts for each senses the main two are iconic memory (visual coding) and echoic meomery (sound coded acoustically) recoves info to send into the STM
The duration is less then half a second
high capacity
Short-term memory
recivies info from the sensory register by paying attention
known as a limited capacity store, it has a capacity of 7 plus or minus two things
coded acoustically
and information, while last thirty second unless reharshed
Long-term memory
capacity is unlimited, and can last for several years
coded semantically
Bahrick found that many were able to recognise faces and photos of school class mates after 50 years
