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Current trends In Microbiology > Biosensors > Flashcards

Biosensors Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Biosensors

A

Prof. Leland C Clark Jnr (1918-2005)

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2
Q

What did Proff. Clark do?

A

Father of Clark electrode

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3
Q

Components of biosensors

A
  1. Sensitive biological element
  2. Transducer / detector element
  3. Biosensor reader device
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4
Q

Field Effect Transistor

A

Uses an electric field to control the shape and hence the conductivity of a channel of one type of charge carrier in a semi conductor material

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5
Q

_ and _ are some other important electrodes (potentiometric biosensors)

A

Ammonia-selective, CO2 selective

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6
Q

Type of potentiometric biosensor

A

Ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFET)
Low price
Can be used in miniaturization of potentiometric biosensor

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7
Q

Types of Electrochemical biosensors

A
  1. Amperometric
  2. Potentiometric
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8
Q

Name of scientists which used amperometric biosensors

A

Wang and Kawde (2001)!

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9
Q

What did Wang and Kawde do

A

Used chrono-potentiometric transduction biosensors to determine that mutations of BRC1 and BRC2 are associated with hereditary breast cancer

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10
Q

BRC

A

Breast Cancer

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11
Q

CA

A

Cancer Antigen

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12
Q

CEA

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen

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13
Q

ING

A

Inhibitors of Growth

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14
Q

HER/NEU

A

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

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15
Q

ER/PR

A

Estrogen/Progesterone Receptors

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16
Q

EGF

A

Epidermal Growth Factor

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17
Q

SCC

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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18
Q

NSE

A

Neuron Specific Enolase

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19
Q

NY-ESO

A

Tumour antigen of the cancer/testis family

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20
Q

HCG

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

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21
Q

AFP

A

Alpha-fetoprotein

22
Q

CASA

A

Cancer Associated Serum Antigen

23
Q

MCA

A

Mucinous Carcinoma Antigen

24
Q

MVO

A

Major vault protein

25
Q

TAG

A

Tumour Associated Glycoprotein

26
Q

PSA

A

Prostate Specific Antigen

27
Q

___ are a newly emerging class of biosensors that use an optical transducer

A

Photonic crystal biosensors

28
Q

By using photonic biosensors scientists were able to monitor changes in proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells exposed to _ and determine the __ of ___

A

Doxorubicin , IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration)

29
Q

Throat cancer has been diagnosed and monitor by

A

Esophageal layer florescence-based optical biosensor

30
Q

_ and _ that use piezoelectric technology have been proven useful in the identification of cancer bio markers

A

Immuno-sensors, micro-cantilever sensors

31
Q

Piezoelectric biosensor + PCR to detect

A

P53 genes

32
Q

A good eg of conductometric biosensor is

A

Urea biosensor utilizing immobilized urease

33
Q

__ are less common than other biosensors for cancer diagnostics

A

Colorimetric biosensors

34
Q

Cholesterol

A

Cholesterol oxidase

35
Q

Esters

A

Chymotrypsin

36
Q

Hydrogen peroxide se

A

Catalase

37
Q

Peptides

A

Trypsin

38
Q

Starch

A

Amylase

39
Q

Sucrose

A

Invertase

40
Q

Scientists were able to differentiate two cells using gold nanoparticles

A
  1. Acute leukaemia cells
  2. Burkitts lymphoma
41
Q

__ of money in biosensor market is due to activities related to medicine

A

64%

42
Q

Working of glucose biosensor

A

GOD breaks down glucose__> 2 electrons reduce FAD to FADH2___>FADH2 oxidized by the electrode___> current generated is measure of conc of glucose

43
Q

Marker of myocardial injury

A

Troponin

44
Q

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

A

Automatically convert the fatal heart rhythm known as ventricular fibrillation

45
Q

IoT

A

Network of physical objects or “things” embedded with electronics, software sensors and network connectivity

46
Q

NFC

A

Near Field Communication

47
Q

Naturally bioluminescent bacteria such as marine bacterium ___ requires saline conditions and a particular pH range

A

Vibro Fischeri

48
Q

Structural genes which show bioluminescence example

A

luxCDABE (May be inserted in random sites of chromosomal DNA of soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluoroscence

49
Q

Lux genes must be inserted downstream from a

A

Constitute P. Fluoroscence promoter

50
Q

___ fish is used as biosensor of environmental pollutants

A

Transgenic medaka

51
Q

What happens in transgenic medaka fish

A

The promoter from medaka vitellogenin gene (Pvit) was cloned upstream of the gfp reporter gene encoding green fluorescent protein and construct was introduced in medaka fish

Current trends In Microbiology (7 decks)

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