Biotech

Question 1

Replication

Answer 1

DNA –> DNA (Semiconservative replication)
DNA (double stranded) is replicated in nucleus with help of several enzymes
*Main enzyme is DNA polymerase

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

DNA –> RNA
-Transcribed in nucleus with RNA polymerase

Question 3

RNA Polymerase

Answer 3

-Unwinds and unlinks two strands of DNA
-Template strand used by RNA polymerase
-RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides base complementary to DNA to make mRNA
-Newly formed RNA strand is single stranded
-Leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm

Question 4

Translation

Answer 4

RNA –> Amino acids bonded together (protein)
-Occurs in cytoplasm with help of ribosome
-Each mRNA codes for a specific amino acids that bond to make protein
-RNA read by using codon sequence

Question 5

DNA stands for

Answer 5

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 6

RNA stands for

Answer 6

Ribonucleic acid

Question 7

Trisomy 18

Answer 7

Edward’s syndrome

Question 8

Trisomy 21

Answer 8

Down syndrome

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

Hereditary material inherited from past generations

Question 10

Chromosomes

Answer 10

DNA wrapped around proteins

Question 11

Where most DNA is

Answer 11

Nucleus
*Some in mitochondria or chloroplasts

Question 12

Karyotype

Answer 12

Picture of chromosomes

Question 13

Pair 23

Answer 13

Sex chromosomes
*XY = Male
*XX = Female

Question 14

Pair 1-22

Answer 14

Autosomes (Somatic chromosomes)

Question 15

Amniocentesis

Answer 15

Removal of amniotic fluid using needles/syringe for purpose of creating karyotype to look for genetic anomalies in chromosome numbers

Question 16

Trisomy

Answer 16

Genetic disorder where there are 3 chromosomes instead of 2

Question 17

Monosomy

Answer 17

Genetic disorder where there is only one chromosome instead of 2

Question 18

Genes

Answer 18

Genes are units of heredity that are passed from parents to offspring
-Section of DNA that have instructions to make 1 protein

Question 19

Gene expression

Answer 19

The creation of protein using the instructions in DNA protein to give traits

Question 19

Other things that express traits

Answer 19

Environment
*Epigenetics

Question 20

How many genes do you roughly have

Answer 20

20000

Question 21

Gene regulators

Answer 21

Molecules to bind to DNA to turn gene expression on/off to control cell function

Question 22

Genome

Answer 22

All hereditary info; complete set of human gene instructions

Question 23

Genomics

Answer 23

Study of how genetics work together to control phenotype

Question 24

Pehnotype

Answer 24

Physical trait created from protein

Question 25

Gene defq

Answer 25

Portion of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 26

DNA structure

Answer 26

-Double stranded biomolecule -Double helix and antiparallel -Sides of the ladder made from alternating deoxyribose sugar/phosphate molecules -Rung of ladder made up of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 27

Parts of nucleotide

Answer 27

-Deoxyribose sugar (at 3' end) -Phosphate group (at 5' end) -Nitrogenous base

Question 28

A

Answer 28

Adenine

Question 29

G

Answer 29

Guanine

Question 30

T

Answer 30

Thymine

Question 31

C

Answer 31

Cytosine

Question 32

Base pairs

Answer 32

How DNA length is counted

Question 33

U

Answer 33

Uracil

Question 34

Type of bond that holdes phosphate and sugar together

Answer 34

Covalent phosphodiester bond *is an intramolecular bond

Question 35

Bond that holds nitrogenous bases of double helix together

Answer 35

Intermolecular *Easier to break than intramolecular

Question 36

mRNA

Answer 36

Codes for protein

Question 37

rRNA

Answer 37

Makes ribosome

Question 38

tRNA

Answer 38

Bring in matching amino acid to the ribosome for the mRNA instructions to make protein