Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMHNP > Bipolar Disorder Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Bipolar Disorder Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology

A

Genetics

Epigenetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Proposed pathophysiology

A

calcium dysregulation

dopamine hypothesis

Hypothalamic pituitary axis dysregulation

Autonomic dysregulation

Less popular:
Altered brain connectivity
oxidative stress
mitochondrial dysfunction
inflammatory markers
altered circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

monoamine hypothesis of depression

A

Dec NE, 5HT, DA

leads to depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

monoamine receptor hypothesis of depression

A

Dec NE, 5HT, DA

leads to inc receptors (upregulate)

leads to depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glutamate

A

major excitatory NT in the CNS

Can turn on almost all CNS neurons

VSSC may modulate release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GABA

A

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

Major inhibitory NT in the CNS

Opposes glutamate effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does norepinephrine form

A

Tyrosine (+enzyme)
leads to
DOPA (+enzyme)
leads to
Dopamine (+enzyme)
leads to
NOREPINEPHRINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Presynaptic NE receptors

A

NET (transporter) clears excess NE out of synapse

VMAT2 takes NE up into vesicles and stores for future

A2 regulates release of NE from presynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Postsynaptic NE receptors

A

A1
A2a
A2b
A2c
B1
B2
B3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dopamine formation

A

Tyrosine (+enzyme)
leads to
DOPA (+enzyme)
leads to
Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presynaptic Dopamine receptors

A

DAT (transporter) clears excess DA out of synapse
VMAT2: stores in vesicles for future
D2 regulates release of DA from presynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Postsynaptic NE receptors

A

D1
D2
D3
D4
D5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Serotonin formation

A

Tryptophan (+enzyme)
leads to
5HTP (+enzyme)
leads to
Serotonin (5HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serotonin receptor stimulation 5HT2A

A

5HT2A

Enhance glutamate release
leads to
release inhibitory GABA
leads to
Block downstream dopamine release

So agonism of receptor decreases dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serotonin receptor antagonism 5HT2A

A

5HT2A

Decrease glutamate
leads to
Decrease release of GABA
leads to
Stimulate dopamine release

So antagonism of receptor increases dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Serotonin receptor stimulation 5HT1A

A

same as blocking 5HT2A in that it increases dopamine

17
Q

Autoreceptors job and name for NE, DA and 5HT

A

Regulate the release of the monoamine that acts on it

In the presence of the monamine will turn off further release of that monomamine

Autoreceptors
(1) NE
(a) A2

(2) DA
(a) D2

(3) Serotonin
(a) 5HT1A and 5HT1B/D

18
Q

Termination of monoamine action (inactivation)

A

Enzymes:
MAO A or B
COMT (only NE and DA)

turns NE, DA and 5HT into inactive metabolites

19
Q

Termination of monoamine action (removal from the synapse)

A

basically transporters

NET or NE reuptake

DAT

SERT

PMHNP (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions