Birmingham

Question 1

Birmingham

Answer 1

West Midlands - 1.1 million residents
Settlement existed there since medieval times, grew rapidly as a result of the industrial revolution
Main growth in 19th century - gun, jewellery, brass and button industries
Vehicle industry in 1900s eg Dunlop tyre factory

Question 2

Before economic change - socio economic

Answer 2

Post war industrial decline due to :
Global recession and increase in oil prices
Increasing competition from TNCS abroad leading to decline in traditional industry
British car industry decline - foreign based car companies in other parts of the uk where government incentives encouraged them
Housing - 110,000 substandard houses post war. Redevelopment meant relocation of people from inner city council estates to on the periphery eg Castle vale

Question 3

City more diverse

Answer 3

From 1950s there was international migration from carribean, south Asia and east Asia making the city more diverse and religious buildings were built and more ethnic food and clothes stores opened
Youthful population

Question 5

Environmental

Answer 5

Decades of industrial activity left land sites, canals and rivers polluted

Question 6

Local government

Answer 6

Promoted the city to attract investment to construct the national exhibition centre (NEC) and expand the airport
Both bringing money into region

Question 7

National government

Answer 7

Schemes such as city challenge to access funding for city redevelopment
1999 - new deal for communities - provided broadband access and set up work experience programmes to improve employment opportunities

Question 8

Transport

Answer 8

700£ million investment into main rail station new street

Question 9

Private developers and retailers

Answer 9

The players together created an area called grand central with shops, restaurants and leisure creating 1000 jobs

Question 10

Flagship developments

Answer 10

International convention centre, symphony hall, national indoor arena - multiplier affect from visitors (hotels, restaurants)

Question 11

Planning

Answer 11

More public spaces developed eg Victoria square

Question 12

Improving services

Answer 12

Bullring, new city library

Question 13

Environment

Answer 13

Pedestrianised streets with trees, canals cleaned up and surrounding areas regenerated eg gas street basin