Human Rights Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is meant by human rights?
The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans must be entitled to
They should protect all individuals at all times in all places
The universal declaration of human rights was adopted by the UN in 1948
It is now evident that violations of human rights have occurred in a range of locations and a variety of scales
Globalisation has impact of human rights as has development
Human right norms
Human right norms are the foundation of human rights
There are 30 statements
Human rights are protected by the law and through the signing of international treaties or conventions
Intervention
Humanitarian intervention may be used to end human right violations
Un Security Council was the only body that can legally authorise this
There are costs and benefits to such intervention
Un involvement can be in many forms, including peacekeeping and the coordination of organisations active in the area
Geopolitics
Geopolitics refers to global political power and international relations
International monetary fund states that there are powerful ACs increasingly influential EDC and peripheral Lidcs
Multinational corporations have power and influence over the countries in which they invest
Government and organisations can differ on how they interpret norms
Force labour
Categories include children forced to work, men unable to leave work because of debt and female exploited
Globally there are 21 million victims no region is unaffected.
South east Asia has the highest level at 24,.9 million
Economic factors affecting rates include poverty, migration and low wages.
Political factors include conflict corruption and prejudice.
Social factors include gender inequality sexual exploitation and bonded labour.
Environment factors include hazardous working conditions and climate related disasters
Maternal and mortality rate
Globally in 2017 295,000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth.
High number of these were in sub Saharan Africa.
This is affected by access to treatments, poor quality of medical care, lack of information and education, poverty, and cultural barriers
Most of these deaths are preventable and a matter of human rights protected by
Capital punishment
According to Amnesty International in 2020 there are at least 483 executions of globally and 1477 people were sentenced to death and 55 countries.
Fact is affecting this are differences in types of crime,
Gender inequality
Unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender
Mainly affects women, but increasingly in men
Complexities include for forced marriages , human trafficking, access to education and violence against women
Factors that explain variation in gender inequality
Labour force participation
Wage equality
Estimated earnt income
Literacy rate,
Sex ratio at birth
Life expectancy
Social norms
Child marriage
Enforced marriage
Harmful traditional practices
Low levels of childcare and healthcare 
Strategies for global governance of human rights
Laws and regulations by un, eu, NATO
United Nations peacekeeping operations
Humanitarian intervention and release assistance
Attempts to change and modernise norms
The work of non-governmental organisations such as NGO and private organisations
Human right violations can cause conflict
Denial of basic human needs - food housing and water
Discrimination
Genocide and torture
Oppressive governments
How the violation of human rights can be a consequence of conflict
mortality
Damage to home
Damage to infrastructure
Impact on food and water supplies
Displacement of people
Exploitation of women
Ethnic cleansing
Roles of people, money, ideas and technology in geopolitical intervention
Intervention involves flows of people to affected areas
Money is needed to fund this amounting to millions of dollars
An example in Haiti from 2004 - 2007 needed US$500million donated by 51 countries
You and human rights council employs individuals and working groups to promote ideas and values
Technology such as social media helps with the flow of ideas
Remote sensing or satellite imagery is also used for observation in dangerous areas for example Afghanistan
Global governments of human rights involves cooperation at scales from local to global
UN an intergovernmental organisation with 193 member states working under the UN charter, the security council deals with serious violations of human rights in conflict areas
NGOs protection of human rights - they often work at the local scale to monitor situations and provide education and training programs to support people
Treaties, laws, and norms - international law defines the responsibilities of state, treaties and laws are defined from norms long established practices in many countries
Effects of intervention short term
Provision of shelter, sanitation, food and water
Military protection can prevent further casualties, established protected areas and provide safety
Negative impact of military intervention, damaged to property and infrastructure, population displacement, further disrespect for human rights, civilian casualties, disruption of education, tension can be fuelled over aid and conflict
Military action can undermine the local agricultural economy
Long time effects - positive impact on development
Improvement in health and life expectancy, including infant mortality rate
Education equality
Improved transport systems
Development of infrastructure networks
Freedom from abuse for women and children
Democratic elections
Internationalisation of accepted societal norms
Strengthen dudicial system, including new national laws
Reduction of poverty
Development of local agricultural systems
