Spaces Amd Places Flashcards
(36 cards)
What’s in a place?
Places are multi faceted shaped by shifting flows of connections which change over time
Characteristics that contribute to place identity
Physical geography eg altitude, aspect and drainage
Demographics = number of inhabitants, their age gender and ethnicity
socio economic factors - employment types, education
Cultural factors - religion and traditions
Political factors - governance at the local regional and national level
Built environment- age and style of buildings, building materials
History - landmarks, historical buildings
Three concepts of place
Location = where a place is eg coordinates on a map
Locale = a place is shaped by the people, cultures and customs within it
A sense of place = developed through experience - it reflects emotional and subjective attachment
How and why do people perceive places in different ways?
- age
- gender
- sexuality
- religion
- role
How level of emotional attachment to place can influence people’s behaviour and activities in a place
Memory is a very individual and personal thing, there are positive and negative, short and long term memories
Memory and personal experience affect how we feel about places
Emotional attachment to places can form through memories and feelings about a place for a variety of reasons such as childhood, sport, milestones in a persons life
Globalisation
Increased interconnection and interdependence of the world, economically, socially, politically and culturally
Changing the ways in which people understand and experience places both familiar and unfamiliar
Global village
Idea that the world has become smaller because of greater interconnection
Communications and flow of goods are quicker and more reliable, capitals move at a key press and people are travelling further and more often
Placelessness
Global capitalism has eroded local culture and localised identities eg city centres
Areas have the same transnational corporations ( TNCS) eg costa
Glocalisation
A response to globalisation that centres on the promotion of local goods and services
An effort to regain local cultures and identities
Informal ways of representing place
Tv, film, music, art, photography, literature , graffiti, blogs
Formal ways of representing place
Census,data, statistics and geospatial data eg maps
What is social inequality?
When unequal opportunities or rewards exist for people within a society and between people of different social status or position
Deprivation
When social inequalities lead to substantial differences between groups of people
Multiple deprivation
‘ lagging behind ‘ of members of society in a number of related aspects of life
Hard to get out of
Poverty - poor living conditions - ill health - poor education - poor skills - poverty
Index of multiple deprivation
Used by uk governments to spatially assess levels of deprivation
Each county within the uk has its own index
Combine several factors such as income, employment, health, education, crime , access to housing and services and living environment
Relative measure
Social inequality measured through
Income
Housing - figures of housing tenure
Education - literacy level
Healthcare eg doctor to patient ratios
Employment - informal employment eg not on the books of a company
Why do spatial patterns of social inequality vary within and between places ?
Between global to local
Between urban and rural areas
Wealth - disposable income
Housing - does inflation increase more than people’s wages increasing
Health - eg poor diets
Education - lead to differing access to employment
Access to services
Global shift
Change in manufacturing from Western Europe and North America to newly industrialising countries in east Asia and central and South America
Acs have been transformed into post industrial societies in which there are high levels of employment in the tertiary and quaternary sectors
Deindustrialisation
The decline of a countries traditional manufacturing industry due to the exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and a global shift to manufacturing to EDCs
Deindustrialisation leads to circle of decay leading to multiple deprivation
Declining job opportunities- rising unemployment and fewer taxes paid - decline in services - physical environment deteriorates - economically active people move away - declining tax base - increasing decay - loss of investment confidence
Down ward multiplier effect
Circle of decay
Multiplier effect
Process which new or expanding economic activity in an area creates additional employment. As employees have money to spend, growth occurs in other sectors and the wealth of the area stimulates more economic activity and investment creating more jobs and so on
Effect can be positive and negative
Positive impacts of economic change in ACs
Cheaper Imports
Industries that survive are more efficient
More demand for exports from ACs
Greater industrial efficiency- development of new technologies, promotion of entrepreneurship and attract foreign investment
Loss of mining and manufacturing industries can lead to improved environment quality
Negative impacts of economic change in ACs
Job losses
Job losses often affect unskilled workers
Big gaps develop between between skilled and unskilled workers
